Increased Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cellular Responses in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Search for a Disease Indicator

Yang, Likun; Guo, Changfeng; Zhu, Jie; Feng, Yong; Chen, Wei‐Liang; Feng, Zhi-zhong; Wang, Dan; Sun, Shibai; Lin, Wei Chieh; Wang, Yuhai

doi:10.12659/msm.904240

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Notably, neurodegeneration is a systemic disorder. Both human and animal studies reveal the increased levels of peripheral pro-inflammatory factors and immune cells in the circulation of AD and PD ( Collins et al., 2012 ; Chen et al., 2015 ; Lai et al., 2017 ; Yang et al., 2017 ; King et al., 2018 ). The blood-borne molecules and peripheral immune cells infiltrate into the brain and exacerbate the progression of neurodegeneration ( Zenaro et al., 2015 ; Kempuraj et al., 2017 ; St-Amour et al., 2019 ; Cipollini et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Effect Of Peripheral Immunity On Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration

Wang

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The circadian clock regulates numerous key physiological processes and maintains cellular, tissue, and systemic homeostasis. Disruption of circadian clock machinery influences key activities involved in immune response and brain function. Moreover, Immune activation has been closely linked to neurodegeneration. Here, we review the molecular clock machinery and the diurnal variation of immune activity. We summarize the circadian control of immunity in both central and peripheral immune cells, as well as the circadian regulation of brain cells that are implicated in neurodegeneration. We explore the important role of systemic inflammation on neurodegeneration. The circadian clock modulates cellular metabolism, which could be a mechanism underlying circadian control. We also discuss the circadian interventions implicated in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Targeting circadian clocks could be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Effect Of Peripheral Immunity On Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration

Wang

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…As well, monocytes from PD patients exhibit an increased response to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and display a distinct transcriptome signature and inflammatory profile relative to healthy controls (Grozdanov et al, 2014). In conjunction with this, increased number of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells have been found in peripheral blood from newly diagnosed PD patients Yang et al, 2017). Similarly, PD patients have been reported to show a predominant expression of CD8 + T cells and an increase in the ratios of IFN-γ-producing to IL-4producing T cells (Baba et al, 2005).…”

Section: Systemic Inflammation In Parkinson's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

LRRK2 at the Interface Between Peripheral and Central Immune Function in Parkinson’s

2020

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It is becoming increasingly accepted that there is an interplay between the peripheral immune response and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic cases of PD but are also found in immune-related disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and leprosy. Furthermore, LRRK2 has been associated with bacterial infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium. Recent evidence suggests a role of LRRK2 in the regulation of the immune system and modulation of inflammatory responses, at a systemic level, with LRRK2 functionally implicated in both the immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. It has therefore been suggested that peripheral immune signaling may play an important role in the regulation of neurodegeneration in LRRK2 as well as non-LRRK2-associated PD. This review will discuss the current evidence for this hypothesis and will provide compelling rationale for placing LRRK2 at the interface between peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation.

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“…Research using experimental models of PD suggests that microglial activation occurs prior to DA neuronal death, but the debate continues on this hypothesis worldwide (Castano, Herrera, Cano, & Machado, ; Su et al, ; Su, Federoff, & Maguire‐Zeiss, ). Activated microglia exert their neurotoxic effects by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and prostaglandin (Singh et al, ; Wang, Liu, & Zhou, ; Yang et al, ). In CSF of patients with PD, augmented levels of such reactive species and cytokines have been observed (Hirsch, Hunot, Damier, & Faucheux, ; Hunot et al, ; Nagatsu, Mogi, Ichinose, & Togari, ).…”

Section: Inflammatory Responses In Pd Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on immunity and inflammation in Parkinson disease pathology

Joshi

Singh

2017

J of Neuroscience Research

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Studies in the last decade have suggested the association of both neuroinflammatory processes and immune responses in Parkinson disease (PD) pathology. PD pathology is related to depleted dopamine levels, α-synuclein aggregation, and death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Reports have suggested central and peripheral inflammation in the prodromal stage of the disease, which is sustained during disease progression. Alongside the activation of peripheral immune system exacerbates the dissonant central inflammatory responses and could contribute in synergistic neurodegeneration. Activated glial cells contribute significantly in the neuroinflammatory process during the occurrence of the disease and are also acknowledged as a hallmark of disease progression. However, the contribution of glial cells is not well defined in the context of neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. This review provides an overview of the roles of immune and inflammatory responses and their consequences in PD disease pathogenesis and also discusses possible therapeutic strategies for PD based on these findings.

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Increased Levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cellular Responses in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Search for a Disease Indicator

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration

Circadian Clock Regulates Inflammation and the Development of Neurodegeneration

LRRK2 at the Interface Between Peripheral and Central Immune Function in Parkinson’s

Updates on immunity and inflammation in Parkinson disease pathology

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