Increased levels of interleukin-10 in saliva of Sjögren’s syndrome patients. Correlation with disease activity

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma in the saliva of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and to correlate them with laboratory and clinical parameters of disease activity. The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and interferon-gamma were measured in salivary samples, obtained directly from the Stenone duct of 14 Sjögren's syndrome patients and 26 healthy controls by ELISA. A significant elevation of IL-10 was found in salivary fluids of Sjögren's syndrome patients compared with healthy controls (P=0.007). Elevated interferon-gamma levels were found in some patients. IL-2 and IL-4 were undetectable in all saliva samples. In patients, IL-10 levels significantly correlated with the degree of xerophthalmia and xerostomia (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively) and with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P=0.006). Our data suggest that elevated IL-10 levels are detectable in the saliva of Sjögren's syndrome patients and correlate with the severity of the disease.

Sjögren's syndrome-like disease in mice with T cells lacking class 1A phosphoinositide-3-kinase

“…One possible mechanism for autoimmune exocrinopathy is altered T helper differentiation and cytokine production (7). Interestingly, the pattern of cytokines we observe in PI3K-deficient CD4 ϩ T cells after Th2 polarization (increased IFN-␥ and IL-10, decreased IL-4) is similar to the unusual pattern observed in saliva and T cell clones from SS patients (21)(22)(23). IFN-␥ induces B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and chemokine expression by salivary gland epithelial cells (24,25); this suggests that aberrant cytokine production may play a pivotal role in disease progression.…”

Effects of Muscarinic Acetylcholine 3 Receptor208-227Peptide Immunization on Autoimmune Response in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

“…In the current study, the production of IL-4 was not observed in the lacrimal glands of NOD/LtJ mice in all groups, suggesting that IL-4 may be more required to regulate the B-cell autoimmune response in this animal model. IL-10 is a cytokine capable of inhibiting the synthesis of other proinflammatory cytokines, but the secretion of IL-10 has also been shown to be elevated in patients with SS [29, 30]. However, no changes in the concentration of IL-10 were observed in the current study, suggesting that IL-10 may not be regulated following immunization with M3R 208–227 .…”

The Immune Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sjogren's Syndrome

“…In some autoimmune cases, however, reduction of the Th1 response or a Th2 type shift may alleviate disease; many apparent exceptions are now well documented. And Th2-derived cytokines such as IL-10 have been found to be elevated in the saliva of Sjogren's syndrome patients and correlate with the severity of the disease [17]. The results of Mitsias and his colleagues reported that Type II microenvironment prevails in low-grade infiltration, while type I pattern increases in patients with definite SS, and patients with advanced lymphocytic infiltration may suggest that the cytokine pattern may shift from Th1 to Th2 as the immunopathological lesions progress [18].…”