Increased Levels of Interleukin-1 in Bronchoalveolar Washings from Children with Bacterial Pulmonary Infections

Wilmott, Robert W.; Kassab, Joseph; Kilian, Patricia L.; Benjamin, William R.; Douglas, Steven D.; Wood, Robert E.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/142.2.365

Cited by 96 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Patients with pleural empyema showed a significant elevation of IL-1␤ in the pleural fluid when compared with patients with pleural fluid due to other etiologies (28). Children with bacterial pulmonary infection had significantly higher levels of IL-1␤ and IL-1 activity in BALF than children without such an infection (29). However, knowledge of the role of IL-1 in host defense against pneumonia is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNF-α Compensates for the Impaired Host Defense of IL-1 Type I Receptor-Deficient Mice During Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Rijneveld

Florquin

Branger

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

111

106

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To determine the role of IL-1 in the host defense against pneumonia, IL-1R type I-deficient (IL-1R−/−) and wild-type (Wt) mice were intranasally inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumonia resulted in elevated IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA and protein levels in the lungs. Survival rates did not differ between IL-1R−/− and Wt mice after inoculation with 5 × 104 or 2 × 105 CFU. At early time points (24 and 48 h) IL-1R−/− mice had 2-log more S. pneumoniae CFU in lungs than Wt mice; at 72 h bacterial outgrowth in lungs was similar in both groups. Upon histopathologic examination IL-1R−/− mice displayed a reduced capacity to form inflammatory infiltrates at 24 h after the induction of pneumonia. IL-1R−/− mice also had significantly less granulocyte influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 24 h after inoculation. Since TNF is known to enhance host defense during pneumonia, we determined the role of endogenous TNF in the early impairment and subsequent recovery of defense mechanisms in IL-1R−/− mice. All IL-1R−/− mice treated with anti-TNF rapidly died (no survivors (of 14 mice) after 4 days), while 10-day survival in IL-1R−/− mice (control Ab), Wt mice (anti-TNF), and Wt mice (control Ab) was 7 of 13, 3 of 14, and 12 of 13, respectively. These data suggest that TNF is more important for host defense against pneumococcal pneumonia than IL-1, and that the impaired early host defense in IL-1R−/− mice is compensated for by TNF at a later phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TNF-α Compensates for the Impaired Host Defense of IL-1 Type I Receptor-Deficient Mice During Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Rijneveld

Florquin

Branger

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

111

106

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“…Even though the lungs are essentially normal at the time of birth, several studies have demonstrated inflammation and infectious changes before clinically evident lung disease is present, even in infancy. [15][16][17] The presence of high neutrophil counts, neutrophil elastase and inflammatory cytokines in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) specimens, obstructive mucous plugging and epithelial metaplasia has been reported, in young children with CF, even in the absence of positive microbiological cultures. 18 One can still suggest that organisms could be present in a number too small to appear on sputum cultures even though they are present in sufficient quantity to trigger an inflammatory response.…”

Section: Cystic Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic fibrosis, atopy, asthma and ABPA

Antunes

Fernandes

Borrego

et al. 2010

Allergologia et Immunopathologia

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The role of atopy on cystic fibrosis (CF) progression remains unclear but evidence suggests that it may influence the appearance of co-morbid conditions such as CF asthma or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Recognising asthma in patients with CF is not always easy but the identification of atopic markers favours the diagnosis. Physicians should be aware of this fact in order to achieve a better control of respiratory symptoms in patients with CF. Bronchial mucosa inflammation and abnormal mucus predispose to mould colonisation. These patients are at higher risk of allergic sensitisation, especially when atopic susceptibility is present. In the particular case of A. fumigatus, allergic sensitisation precedes ABPA development, which occurs in up to 10% of CF patients. Progression of lung function deterioration is most strikingly pronounced in patients with ABPA. Therefore, sensitisation with A. fumigatus should be regularly tested in patients with CF, especially those at higher risk. Recombinant allergens constitute an important advance in differentiating Aspergillus sensitisation from ABPA itself.

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“…Various protocols for BAL have been applied. Some use two or four fractions of the same volume (10±20 mL) irrespective of the patient's body weight and age, as in adults [16,17]. Others adjust BAL volume to the child's functional residual capacity (FRC) with 5±20 mL fractions depending on the patient's size [18].…”

Section: Volume Of Lavage Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage in children

Blic¹,

Midulla²,

Barbato³

et al. 2000

eur respir j

348

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Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is routinely performed in adults for sampling cellular and biochemical components. Many studies have been performed that have enabled the proposal of recommendations for BAL, methodology and processing, as well as reference values in different clinical settings. In contrast, despite a world-wide increase in the use of BAL in children, including neonates, there are, at the present time, no clear recommendations on the methodology, the clinical applications and the research areas for BAL. A Task Force on BAL in children has been approved by the European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force committee 1996. The objectives of this task force were: 1) to provide recommendations and guidelines on how to perform BAL and how to process the return fluid in children; 2) to collect and discuss available reference values; 3) to list indications and results in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children; 4) to define areas for future research.This task force included paediatric respiratory physicians involved in bronchoscopy and BAL and was run as a collaboration between the Paediatric Bronchology Group and the BAL scientific group of the ERS.

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Increased Levels of Interleukin-1 in Bronchoalveolar Washings from Children with Bacterial Pulmonary Infections

Cited by 96 publications

References 6 publications

TNF-α Compensates for the Impaired Host Defense of IL-1 Type I Receptor-Deficient Mice During Pneumococcal Pneumonia

TNF-α Compensates for the Impaired Host Defense of IL-1 Type I Receptor-Deficient Mice During Pneumococcal Pneumonia

Cystic fibrosis, atopy, asthma and ABPA

Bronchoalveolar lavage in children

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