Increased Levels of Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala of Rats by Ingesting a Low Concentration of a Long-Chain Fatty Acid

Adachi, Souichi; Endo, Yuki; Maekawa, Takafumi; Tsuzuki, Satoshi; Matsumura, Shigenobu; Inoue, Kazuo; Fushiki, Tohru

doi:10.1271/bbb.130234

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Sham feeding rats corn oil (100%) increased levels of dopamine within the nucleus accumbens [39], a brain region that is essential for processing food reward [40, 41]. This effect is not isolated to the ventral striatum: recent work revealed that tasting dietary fat drives dopamine release in the basolateral amygdala (BLA)[42]. For these studies, rats were trained to develop a preference for solutions containing corn oil.…”

Section: Cephalic Components Of Fat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Is fat taste ready for primetime?

DiPatrizio

2014

Physiology & Behavior

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Mounting evidence suggests that gustation is important for the orosensory detection of dietary fats, and might contribute to preferences that humans, rodents, and possibly other mammals exhibit for fat-rich foods. In contrast to sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami, fat is not widely recognized as a primary taste quality. Recent investigations, however, provide a wealth of information that is helping to elucidate the specific molecular, cellular, and neural mechanisms required for fat detection in mammals. The latest evidence supporting a fat taste will be explored in this review, with a particular focus on recent studies that suggest a surprising role for gut-brain endocannabinoid signaling in controlling intake and preference for fats based on their proposed taste properties.

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Section: Cephalic Components Of Fat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Is fat taste ready for primetime?

DiPatrizio

2014

Physiology & Behavior

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“…This is due, at least in part, to a direct activation of reward centers in the brain. Microdialysis experiments in shamfeeding rats have shown, indeed, that oral presentation of fat triggers the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (60,61), a critical controller of value learning (78)(79)(80)(81)(82). In addition to these central processes, oral fat also deploys multiple regulatory responses in the periphery of the body.…”

Section: Gut Endocannabinoids As Hunger Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, surgical resection of the chorda tympani (branch of CNVII) or CNIX in rodents decreases both intake of and preference for a high-fat liquid meal (55)(56)(57)(58)(59). Conversely, oral exposure to fat increases the activity of taste-sensitive neurons of the NST (57) and excites forebrain circuits involved in food reward (60,61).…”

Section: Gut Endocannabinoids As Hunger Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal lipid–derived signals that sense dietary fat

DiPatrizio¹,

Piomelli²

2015

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…; Adachi et al . ). In the septal nucleus, there is evidence that ingestion of saturated fatty acids increases orexigenic neuropeptide levels (Huang et al .…”

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confidence: 97%

“…In the hypothalamus, there is evidence that PA and OA have opposite effects, with PA inducing insulin and leptin resistance (Benoit et al 2009;Posey et al 2009) and OA reducing food intake, glucose production, and orexigenic neuropeptide expression while stimulating anorexigenic neuropeptides (Obici et al 2002;Jo et al 2009;Cintra et al 2012). In the NAc, the presence or absence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, also has differential effects on dopamine signaling that further enhance or inhibit the rewarding aspect of dietary fat (Zimmer et al 2002;Adachi et al 2013). In the septal nucleus, there is evidence that ingestion of saturated fatty acids increases orexigenic neuropeptide levels (Huang et al 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the orexigenic neuropeptide, enkephalin, by PPARδ and fatty acids in neurons of the hypothalamus and forebrain

Poon

Alam

Karatayev

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse. To understand possible underlying mechanisms, this study examined the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and tested in hypothalamic and forebrain neurons from rat embryos whether PPARs regulate endogenous ENK and the fatty acids themselves affect these PPARs and ENK. The first set of experiments demonstrated that knocking down PPARδ, but not PPARα or PPARγ, increased ENK transcription, activation of PPARδ by an agonist decreased ENK levels, and PPARδ neurons coexpressed ENK, suggesting that PPARδ negatively regulates ENK. In the second set of experiments, PA treatment of hypothalamic and forebrain neurons had no effect on PPARδ protein while stimulating ENK mRNA and protein, whereas OA increased both mRNA and protein levels of PPARδ in forebrain neurons while having no effect on ENK mRNA and increasing ENK levels. These findings show that PA has a stronger, stimulatory effect on ENK and weaker effect on PPARδ protein, whereas OA has a stronger stimulatory effect on PPARδ and weaker effect on ENK, consistent with the inhibitory effect of PPARδ on ENK. They suggest a function for PPARδ, perhaps protective in nature, in embryonic neurons exposed to fatty acids from a fat-rich diet and provide evidence for a mechanism contributing to differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids on neurochemical systems involved in consummatory behavior.

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Increased Levels of Extracellular Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala of Rats by Ingesting a Low Concentration of a Long-Chain Fatty Acid

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

Is fat taste ready for primetime?

Is fat taste ready for primetime?

Intestinal lipid–derived signals that sense dietary fat

Regulation of the orexigenic neuropeptide, enkephalin, by PPARδ and fatty acids in neurons of the hypothalamus and forebrain

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