Increased Levels of Ethane, A Non-invasive Marker of n-3 Fatty Acid Oxidation, in Breath of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Ross, Brian M.; McKenzie, Ivor; Glen, Iain; Bennett, CF

doi:10.1080/10284150310001612203

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since highly allylic polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA have a greater propensity for lipid peroxidation (Cosgrove et al, 1987), the reduced oxidative stress promoted by folate may spare DHA, resulting in DHA accumulation. This mechanism is supported by a recent study suggesting that the reduced concentrations of PUFA in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is due to the selective oxidation of n-3 PUFA (Ross et al, 2003). However, this mechanism does not explain why DHA is selectively spared.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The relationship between folate and docosahexaenoic acid in men

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,, an essential omega 3 fatty acid, may protect against disorders of emotional regulation as well as cardiovascular disease. Animal studies demonstrate that dietary folate can increase tissue concentrations of DHA, although the literature, to date, includes no human studies examining the possibility that folate status may affect plasma DHA concentrations. The objective of this study is to determine if the blood concentrations of folate and DHA are correlated in humans. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: An American research hospital. Subjects: A total of 15 normal and 22 hostile and aggressive subjects, with a mean age of 38 years. Methods: Concentrations of plasma polyunsaturated essential fatty acids and red blood cell folate (RBC folate) were obtained prior to 1996, before American flour was enriched with folate. Results: RBC folate was significantly correlated with plasma DHA, r ¼ 0.57, P ¼ 0.005 in the aggressive group. Age, smoking and alcohol consumption did not alter the results. No other essential fatty acids were significantly associated with RBC folate in either group. Conclusions: The positive relationship between plasma DHA and RBC folate concentrations suggests that these two nutrients should be examined together in order to make the most accurate inferences about their relative contributions to disease pathogenesis. Our findings present one explanation why some conditions associated with hostility and low DHA status, such as cardiovascular disease and emotional disorders, are also associated with low folate status.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The relationship between folate and docosahexaenoic acid in men

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, the essential fatty acids must undergo complex biotransformation in order to be converted into their long-chain derivatives, and individuals vary in the efficiency of their conversion mechanisms [44]. Furthermore, children with ADHD show evidence of increased omega-3 fatty acid oxidation [45]. Therefore, there is evidence linking various environmental and metabolic factors with fatty acid levels in sufferers of ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Young

Conquer

Thomas³

2005

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been positively correlated with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric health in several studies. The high seafood intake by the Japanese and Greenland Inuit has resulted in low ratios of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA,, with the Japanese showing AA:EPA ratios of approximately 1.7 and the Greenland Eskimos showing ratios of approximately 0.14. It was the objective of this study to determine the effect of supplementation with high doses (60 g) of flax and fish oils on the blood phospholipid (PL) fatty acid status, and AA/EPA ratio of individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), commonly associated with decreased blood omega-3 fatty acid levels. Thirty adults with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of supplementation with olive oil (< 1% omega-3 fatty acids), flax oil (source of alpha-linolenic acid; 18:3n-3; α-LNA) or fish oil (source of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6n-3; DHA). Serum PL fatty acid levels were determined at baseline and at 12 weeks. Flax oil supplementation resulted in an increase in α-LNA and a slight decrease in the ratio of AA/EPA, while fish oil supplementation resulted in increases in EPA, DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids and a decrease in the AA/EPA ratio to values seen in the Japanese population. These data suggest that in order to increase levels of EPA and DHA in adults with ADHD, and decrease the AA/EPA ratio to levels seen in high fish consuming populations, high dose fish oil may be preferable to high dose flax oil. Future study is warranted to determine whether correction of low levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is of therapeutic benefit in this population. omega-3 fatty acids / fish oil / flax oil / attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / adults Abbreviations: ADHD: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; LNA: linolenic acid; PL: phospholipids.

show abstract

“…Some ADHD children suffer from EFA deficiency (Ross et al, 2003), especially the n-3 subgroup of fatty acids. Moreover, there is a high correlation between the severity of the EFA deficiency and the severity of ADHD symptoms (r ¼ 0.80).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of essential fatty acids in iron deficient and sleep-disturbed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IsraelInattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity constitute the core diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Patients generally suffer from sleep disturbance and malnutrition that can account for tiredness during the day, poor concentration, poor eating and depressed mood, along with anemia and an n-3 polyunsaturated acid deficiency. The change of ADHD behavior in children (9-12) was studied, following 10 weeks of treatment with a polyunsaturated acid mixture on six variables: cooperation, mood, concentration, homework preparation, fatigue and sleep quality. Iron status was also examined. Polyunsaturated acid administration was associated with significant improvement in quality of life, ability to concentrate, sleep quality and hemoglobin levels.

show abstract

Increased Levels of Ethane, A Non-invasive Marker of n-3 Fatty Acid Oxidation, in Breath of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 75 publications

References 34 publications

The relationship between folate and docosahexaenoic acid in men

The relationship between folate and docosahexaenoic acid in men

Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Effects of essential fatty acids in iron deficient and sleep-disturbed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About