Increased intra-cerebral CSF spaces as a risk factor for unemployment and negative symptoms in psychotic illness: A prospective study

Os, Jim van; Fahy, Tom; Jones, P.; Harvey, Ian; Sw, Lewis; Williams, Marc; Toone, Brian; Murray, R.

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(95)95622-g

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The range of follow up was wider in the white group because of patients who had committed suicide. There were no large or significant differences between the two groups on any of the psychopathological measures collected at baseline (data not shown), and there was no ethnic bias in attrition as we reported previously 14 15…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The method and rationale for the follow up procedures, outcome measures, and treatment measures have been described in detail elsewhere 14 15. Briefly, follow up data were collected by JvO, blind to all index data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, follow up data were collected by JvO, blind to all index data. To test the hypothesis that outcome of psychiatric illness is a multidimensional concept16 a factor analysis was conducted of all 21 outcome ratings to identify different clinical and social outcome domains 15. The domains identified were negative symptoms and social disability; severity of course of illness; time living independently; unemployment; imprisonment and vagrancy; and depression and self harm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variables measuring time--for example, time spent in hospital, time unemployed, etc--were expressed as the proportion of the length of the individual follow up period. As described previously14 15 skewed variables that inclined towards two clinically meaningful categories were dichotomised by using the modal value as the cut off. For example, course of illness was transformed into “continuous” (continuous) and “non-continuous” (neither episodic nor continuous, episodic, and not psychotic), and usual severity of symptoms into “recovered” (recovered) and “non-recovered” (mild, moderate, and severe).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom

McKenzie

Fahy

et al. 1995

BMJ

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom

McKenzie

Fahy

et al. 1995

BMJ

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“…founders, so that the most appropriate analysis can be conducted, yielding adjusted estimates of effect size for the specific predictor (van Os et al, 1994(van Os et al, , 1995(van Os et al, , 1996.…”

Section: Specific Hypotheses Versus General Searches For Predictorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-up studies of schizophrenia I: Natural history and non-psychopathological predictors of outcome

Wright

Murray

1997

Eur. psychiatr.

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Treatment-resistant schizophrenia does not exist as a discrete entity, so separating patients who will fail to respond to traditional antipsychotics from those who will respond is impossible with 100% accuracy. However, several predictors of poor clinical outcome have emerged from recent research and knowledge of the processes that lead to poor outcome has become increasingly important with the advent of atypical antipsychotics that may be used in patients with treatment-resistant illness. Much of the variation in outcome can be understood in terms of differences in sample selection, outcome definition and stringency of the diagnostic criteria used. Failure to appreciate these mechanisms may lead to over- or underestimation of the proportion of patients with poor treatment response in clinical and research settings. The importance of factors that predict poor outcome should be judged in terms of their effect size and the degree to which alternative explanations for the association with outcome have been excluded. Although much current research is being focused on specific biological predictors, baseline demographic and illness-related factors, such as ethnic group, sex, social class, type of onset, age of onset and concurrent misuse of alcohol or drugs, have large effects on outcome. Although duration of untreated psychosis before first contact with services may independently predict poor outcome. confounding by variables that are associated with both pathways to care and clinical outcome has not been excluded.

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Cannabis use and outcome of recent onset psychosis

Grech¹,

et al. 2005

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Increased intra-cerebral CSF spaces as a risk factor for unemployment and negative symptoms in psychotic illness: A prospective study

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom

Psychosis with good prognosis in Afro-Caribbean people now living in the United Kingdom

Follow-up studies of schizophrenia I: Natural history and non-psychopathological predictors of outcome

Cannabis use and outcome of recent onset psychosis

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