Increased insulin and GLUT2 gene expression and elevated glucokinase activity in β-like cells of islets of langerhans differentiated from human haematopoietic stem cells on treatment with Costus igneus leaf extract

A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials

“…Glucokinase activation by the leaf extract of Costus igneus (known in India as the ‘insulin plant’ for its purported anti-diabetic action) was examined in differentiated human hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) as a model of β-cells. The extract increased GCK and inhibited of glucose-6-phosphatase activity by C. igneus , thereby improving glucose sensing, insulin production, and decreased gluconeogenesis ( Kattaru et al, 2021 ). It was also reported that C. igneus profoundly increased insulin receptor and GLUT2 gene expression ( Table 1 ).…”

Physiological functions of glucose transporter-2: From cell physiology to links with diabetes mellitus

“…This enzyme mediates ChREBP dephosphorylation and activation, promoting its transportation to the nucleus and transcription of glucose-sensitive genes [ 9 ]. Interestingly, the group that discovered this mechanism also found that the GLUT-2 promoter lacks the carbohydrate response element ChoRE and instead contains the sterol response element SRE, which also binds sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1C) [ 10 , [17] , [18] , [19] ]. This transcription factor controls the transcription of lipogenic genes that require simultaneous regulation of insulin and blood glucose concentrations, and in the pancreas, it regulates GLUT-2 transcription more strongly than ChREBP [ 5 , 18 ].…”

“…The expression of GLUT-2 mRNA in the small intestine is regulated by a circadian rhythm that changes light/dark conditions every 12 h. When GLUT-2 expression is observed in the mouse intestine, it peaks at the end of the light period and reaches a minimum at the end of the dark period [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ]. This expression dynamics may be due to vagus nerve regulation, inhibited absorption function of the intestine at night, and downregulated GLUT-2 expression by vagus nerve regulation [ 22 ].…”