Abstract:With the rising increase in Internet-usage, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has gained massive attention worldwide. However, detailed cerebral morphological changes remain unclear in youths with IGD. In the current study, our aim was to investigate cortical morphology and further explore the relationship between the cortical morphology and symptom severity in male youths with IGD. Forty-eight male youths with IGD and 32 age- and education-matched normal controls received magnetic resonance imaging scans. We emp… Show more
“…In VBM study revealed a greater GM volume in the MTG of subjects with IGD . A recent surface-based morphometric study reported increased cortical thickness in the bilateral insula and right IFG and decreased thickness in the bilateral STG of subjects with IGD (Wang et al 2018). fMRI studies of addiction using executive function tasks reported similar results.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The increased functional connection between the left frontoparietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper devaluation of delayed rewards in smokers (Clewett et al 2014). Some IGD studies focused on this area have shown that impaired anterior insular activation is associated with poor risky decision making (Lee et al 2016), and increased insular cortical thickness is associated with symptom severity in IGD (Wang et al 2018). Our findings also provide evidence that the insula contributes to how addicted individuals feel (craving), remember, control, and make decisions about (risk-reward decision) their addictive behaviors (Naqvi and Bechara 2010).…”
“…In VBM study revealed a greater GM volume in the MTG of subjects with IGD . A recent surface-based morphometric study reported increased cortical thickness in the bilateral insula and right IFG and decreased thickness in the bilateral STG of subjects with IGD (Wang et al 2018). fMRI studies of addiction using executive function tasks reported similar results.…”
Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…The increased functional connection between the left frontoparietal network and anterior insula predicts steeper devaluation of delayed rewards in smokers (Clewett et al 2014). Some IGD studies focused on this area have shown that impaired anterior insular activation is associated with poor risky decision making (Lee et al 2016), and increased insular cortical thickness is associated with symptom severity in IGD (Wang et al 2018). Our findings also provide evidence that the insula contributes to how addicted individuals feel (craving), remember, control, and make decisions about (risk-reward decision) their addictive behaviors (Naqvi and Bechara 2010).…”
“…Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of included studies [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] and Table 2 shows gray matter regions displaying significant differences between PUI and control groups for each study. Across the whole identified literature, six studies reported the use of a diagnostic interview to confirm PUI (Supplementary Table 5).…”
Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) has been linked to diverse structural gray matter changes in individual data studies. However, no quantitative synthesis across studies has been conducted. We aimed to identify gray matter regions showing significant spatial convergence across neuroimaging studies in PUI. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO up to 10/03/2021 and included original, cross-sectional comparative studies that examined structural gray matter imaging in PUI versus control groups; reported a whole-brain analysis; and provided peak coordinates for gray matter differences. From a total of 624 potentially relevant studies, 15 (including 355 individuals with PUI and 363 controls) were included in a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was performed using extracted coordinates and identified significant spatial convergence in the medial/superior frontal gyri, the left anterior cingulate cortex/cingulate gyrus, and the left middle frontal/precentral gyri. Datasets contributing to these findings all indicated reduced gray matter in cases compared to controls. In conclusion, voxel-based morphometric studies indicate replicable gray matter reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in PUI, regions implicated in reward processing and top-down inhibitory control. Further studies are required to understand the nature of gray matter differences across PUI behaviors, as well as the contribution of particular mental health disorders, and the influence of variation in study and sample characteristics.
“… 22 Finally, adolescents with IGD showed decreased cortical thickness in distributed cerebral areas and had a positive correlation between the left insular cortical thickness and symptom severity. 23 …”
This review summarizes studies on the neurobiological correlates of internet gaming disorder (IGD), presently the most direct approach to analyzing the impact of digital technology and the internet on brain mechanisms. Brain imaging studies have shown that IGD shares, to a large extent, neurobiological alterations that are typical for other addictions, such as: (i) activation in brain regions associated with reward, as evident from cue exposure and craving studies and neurotransmitter systems studies that indicate an involvement of dopamine-mediated reward mechanisms; (ii) reduced activity in impulse control areas and impaired decision making; and (iii) reduced functional connectivity in brain networks that are involved in cognitive control, executive function, motivation, and reward. Moreover, there are structural changes, mainly reduction
in gray-matter volume and white-matter density. Comorbidity studies indicate that executive control networks in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may increase the susceptibility to develop IGD. Most importantly, this review also outlines findings that show the effects of excessive use of screens, here referring to the playing of computer games, which activate many brain regions associated with cognitive, motor, and sensory function and not directly involved in other forms of addiction. This review describes and summarizes comprehensively the neurobiological correlates of addictive internet use in adolescents and young adults.
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