Increased incidence of spontaneous abortions on exposure to cadmium and lead: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kaur, Mandeep; Sharma, Priya; Kaur, Rajinder; Khetarpal, Preeti

doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1942450

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…More importantly, the comparison between the two cities showed that patients from Petrosani, a well-known industrial region, had higher concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb and As. This is in agreement with other international studies showing that people living in industrialized regions are susceptible to accumulation of these elements, even if they mostly measured the concentrations either in the mother's serum, urine, toe-nails, hair, fetal placenta and cord blood ( 16-22 , 90 , 115 , 120 , 121 ). These elements are important as their concentration may be further increased by tobacco and are secreted in colostrum and breast milk ( 122 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Other pediatric disorders due to elevated lead concentrations in the mother's serum could be reduced glomerular filtration, asthma, immunological and dermatological disorders ( 110-113 ). Perinatal effects of high Pb concentrations are low birth weight, preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia and pregnancy hypertension ( 90 , 114-117 ). Umbilical cord blood analysis has also shown that Pb affects DNA methylation and has also confirmed the reduced intellectual abilities of children coming from pregnancies with exposure to Pb ( 118 , 119 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output

et al. 2021

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The growth and development of the fetus is a complex phenomenon that can be influenced by several variables. High quantities of heavy metal ions in the amniotic fluid have been linked to poor health, especially in industrial, polluted and poor areas. The aim of the present study was to assess the differences in the concentration of these ions between preterm (weeks 15-37) and term pregnancies (starting at week 37). Another objective was to compare pregnancies from two cities with different industry levels. Two sample lots from two Romanian cities were analyzed. A total of 100 patients from Timisoara were compared with 60 from Petrosani, a heavy industry city in Romania. Demographic data were collected, and amniocentesis was performed on all women. Lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were assessed. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data and the Fisher's exact test for categorical data. In addition, categorical data was represented graphically. In the Timisoara cohort, the differences in heavy metal concentrations between preterm and term pregnancies were not statistically significant. In the Petrosani cohort, however, the concentrations of Zn (P=0.02606) and Cd (P=0.01512) were higher in preterm than in term pregnancies. When comparing the two cohorts as a whole, the concentration of Pb (P=0.04513), Cd (P=0.00002), As (P=0.03027) and Zn (P<0.00001) were higher in the patients from Petrosani than in those from Timisoara. Only Cu concentrations were higher in the Timisoara cohort (P<0.00001). The concentrations of Ni (P=0.78150) and Fe (P=0.44540) did not differ statistically. Thus, amniocentesis is an important diagnostic and exploratory tool in determining differences in the concentrations of elements such as heavy metal ions. Research over a longer period of time should be carried out to examine the relation between heavy metal ions concentration and possible postnatal health outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output

et al. 2021

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“…However, this study is methodologically different from our study. In this study, rat pre-antral follicle culture method was used to examine basic female reproductive functions in terms of follicular development, hormone synthesis and oocyte formation (15).Another study reported that subacute oral exposure of female rats to cadmium may cause long-term disorders in the reproductive system (16).Because it affects the reproductive system, cadmium exposure may be a cause of estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer, endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and spontaneous abortions (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Serum Cadmium Levels in the Etiology of Premature Ovarian Failure: A Case-Control Study

ÇİÇEK

Kirici

Karaer

2023

Osmangazi̇ Journal of Medicine

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Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a clinical syndrome known to affect approximately 1% of women of reproductive age. A number of genetic, autoimmune, metabolic, infectious and environmental causes have been identified in the etiology of POF. Cadmium is a toxic metal which can accumulate in ovaries and causes a significant decrease in the binding of gonadotropins that regulate steroidogenic enzyme activity in granulosa cells. We aimed to investigate the role of cadmium in the etiology of POF. Thirty-five patients with POF were enrolled in group 1 which was the study group. Two control groups were formed from healthy participants. Thirty-fiveparticipants who were age-matched young women with regular menstruation were included in group 2.Thirty-fivehealthy postmenopausal women were included in group 3. Patients' demographic data were recorded. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cadmium levels were measured. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for gravida, parity and living children (p<0.001), but no difference was found for abortion (p=0.430). While there was a statistically significant difference between the groups for serum FSH, LH and E2 levels (p<0.001), no statistically significant difference was found for T3, T4 and TSH. Serum cadmium levels were found to be statistically significantly decreased in group 1 compared to g roups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). This study revealed that cadmium had no direct effect on the development of POF, but it should be kept in mind that the synergistic and antagonistic effects of metals may affect this result.

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“…The inverse effect of PM is proportionate to the solubility of heavy metals in the pulmonary fluid [9]. Of these heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) are widely studied and known to induce immunological changes and have been linked to premature labor [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal heavy metals levels are associated with the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study

et al. 2022

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Background This case–control study aimed to compare lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) levels in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) with those levels in normal neonates and tested their associations with the severity of NRDS indicated by the levels of serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) and cord blood cardiac troponin I (CTnI), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Methods The study included two groups: G1 (60 healthy neonates) and G2 (100 cases with NRDS). Cord blood Pb, erythrocytic Cd (E-Cd), neonatal scalp hair As (N-As), maternal urinary Cd (U-Cd), and arsenic (U-As) were measured by a Thermo Scientific iCAP 6200, while CTnI, hs-CRP, and SP-D by their corresponding ELISA kits. Results The levels of cord blood Pb, E-Cd, N-As, U-Cd, U-As, SP-D, CTnI, and hs-CRP were significantly higher in G2 than G1 (p = 0.019, 0.040, 0.003, 0.010, 0.011, < 0.001, 0.004, < 0.001, respectively). While the birth weight, and APGAR score at 1, 5 and 10 min were significantly lower in G2 than G1 (p = 0.002, < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). The levels of the studied heavy metals correlated positively with the levels of SP-D, CTnI, and hs-CRP. Conclusion Heavy metals toxicity may be accused to be one of the causes of NRDS especially if other apparent causes are not there. Measuring and follow-up of heavy metal levels should be considered during pregnancy.

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Increased incidence of spontaneous abortions on exposure to cadmium and lead: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output

Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output

The Role of Serum Cadmium Levels in the Etiology of Premature Ovarian Failure: A Case-Control Study

Neonatal heavy metals levels are associated with the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: a case–control study

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