Increased incidence of psychotic disorders in migrants from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom

Harrison, Glynn; Glazebrook, Cris; Brewin, J.; Cantwell, Roch; Dalkin, T.; Fox, Richard; Jones, Peter B.; Medley, Ian

doi:10.1017/s0033291796004643

Cited by 249 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In both regards, these findings are consistent with the acculturative stress hypothesis, the suggestion that stressors associated with being an immigrant increase risk for psychopathology (Rogler et al, 1991;Vega et al, 1998;Escobar and Vega, 2000;Grant et al, 2004). These findings are also consistent with studies in the US (Odegaard, 1932;Malzberg and Lee, 1956), Europe (Harrison et al, 1997;Selten et al, 1997;Selten et al, 2001;Zolkowska et al, 2001;Cantor-Graae and Selten, 2005), and Australia (Krupinski and Stoller, 1965) that have found increased risk for psychotic disorders among immigrants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Breslau

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Borges³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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Our understanding of the relationship between immigration and mental health can be advanced by comparing immigrants pre-and post-immigration with residents of the immigrants' home countries. DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders were assessed using identical methods in representative samples of English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US, a subsample of the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCSR), and Mexicans, the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (MNCS). Retrospective reports of age of onset of disorders and, in the immigrant sample, age of immigration were analyzed to study the associations of pre-existing mental disorders with immigration and of immigration with the subsequent onset and persistence of mental disorders. Preexisting anxiety disorders predicted immigration (OR=3.0; 95% CI 1.2-7.4). Immigration predicted subsequent onset of anxiety (OR=1.9; 95% CI 0.9-3.9) and mood (OR=2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.0) disorders and persistence of anxiety (OR=3.7 95% CI 1.2-11.2) disorders. The results are inconsistent with the "healthy immigrant" hypothesis (that mentally healthy people immigrate) and partly consistent with the "acculturation stress" hypothesis (i.e., that stresses of living in a foreign culture promote mental disorder). Replication and extension of these results in a larger bi-national sample using a single field staff are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Breslau

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Borges³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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“…It remained uncertain whether these increased rates extended to all psychotic disorders and to all ethnic minority groups in the UK. Some studies have suggested increased rates of schizophrenia in Africans (van Os et al 1996), but findings for Asians have been contradictory (King et al 1994 ;van Os et al 1996;Bhugra et al 1997 ;Harrison et al 1997). The EMPIRIC study (King et al 2005), a community-based prevalence study, found a more modest association between ethnicity and the likelihood of reporting psychotic symptoms.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study

et al. 2006

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“…stress symptoms among voluntary migrants (Harrison et al, 1997;Noh & Avison, 1996) and refugees (Beiser, 1999;Eaton & Garrison, 1992;Porter & Haslam, 2001Rumbaut, 1991), its applicability to project-induced migrants, a different type of involuntary migrants, has seldom been demonstrated. This study tests the hypotheses that anticipation of project-induced migration is a stressor which would negatively affect the mental well-being of migrants and that migrants with more protective resources should be less adversely affected.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anticipation of migration and psychological stress and the Three Gorges Dam project, China

Hwang

Cao

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

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Findings from a prospective study of project-induced migration in China's Three Gorges Dam project are reported. The study tests the hypotheses that anticipation of involuntary migration is stressful and that the harmful effects are partially mediated and moderated by the resources migrants possess. Using data collected from a sample of designated migrants (n = 975) who will be forced to relocate because they live in an area which will be flooded once the Three Gorges project is completed, and non-migrants (n = 555) in the same region, our analysis indicates that anticipation of involuntary migration is a robust predictor of mental distress. Anticipation of forced migration elevates depression (CES-D) not only directly, but also indirectly by weakening the social and the psychological resources (i.e., social support and mastery) which safeguard the mental well-being of migrants. However, our results show much less support for the hypothesis that resources moderate harmful effects of forced migration. KeywordsChina; Three Gorges; Development; Involuntary migration; Stress Main textMoving has often been seen as a stressful life event because it disturbs the equilibrium between the mover and the environment and compels the mover to readjust (Ben-Sira, 1997;Bhugra, 2004;Lev-Wiesel, 1998). While this view has been proven useful to explain the prevalence ofCorresponding Author E-Mail: shwang@uab.edu. 2 Although sample size may have played a role in these tests, we believe the effect of the variable is robust using even the most rigid definition of robustness.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers

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Increased incidence of psychotic disorders in migrants from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom

Cited by 249 publications

References 13 publications

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Mental disorders among English-speaking Mexican immigrants to the US compared to a national sample of Mexicans

Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study

Anticipation of migration and psychological stress and the Three Gorges Dam project, China

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