A 59-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of fatigue, refractory weight loss, diarrhea, and recent neurologic symptoms. Celiac disease was diagnosed 6 years earlier on the basis of positive results of a jejunal biopsy. Although she had not been entirely adherent to a gluten-free diet since the initial diagnosis, she reported complete adherence recently. A review of her organ systems was negative for fevers, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, melena, or arthralgias.The patient was thin, but the results of a physical examination were otherwise unremarkable. Pertinent laboratory tests revealed signs of hyposplenism, with presence of target cells and Howell-Jolly bodies on a peripheral smear. Her level of serum albumin was low at 20 g/L (normal range, 34-48 g/L). Serum gliadin immunoglobulin A antibody titers were positive, which suggested recent exposure to gluten. Repeat smallbowel endoscopy with jejunal biopsies revealed a malabsorption pattern with villous atrophy and chronic inflammation, findings that are consistent with changes of celiac disease. Computed tomographic (CT) images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained (Fig 1). Transverse ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen was subsequently performed (Fig 2).
IMAGING FINDINGSCT of the abdomen and pelvis was performed with orally and intravenously administered contrast material and revealed multiple round fluid-attenuation masses with thin, enhancing peripheral rims, located in the mesentery (Fig 1). Hazy edematous changes were also present in the mesentery. The spleen was atrophic, measuring less than 6 cm in greatest dimension (not shown). The abdomen and pelvis were otherwise negative for adenopathy. Subsequent US of the abdomen demonstrated these masses to be cystic, associated closely with the mesenteric vessels, and without internal vascular flow (Fig 2). USguided aspiration and biopsy of one of the mesenteric masses was performed and yielded thin, milky fluid. Cytologic examination revealed acellular, chylous fluid that was negative for malignancy. Smears and cultures of the fluid were negative for acid-fast bacilli and mycobacteria, respectively. A diagnosis of cavitating mesenteric lymph node syndrome (CMLNS) was made in the clinical setting of celiac disease.