Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure

Stewart, C. Neal; All, John; Raymer, Paul L.; Ramachandran, Suresh

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1997.00239.x

Cited by 121 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These findings indicated that transgene location in the genome and accumulation of transgenes may affect fitness in volunteer populations of B. napus. In the United States, Stewart et al (1996) produced a series of transgenic B. napus lines containing the insecticidal Bt transgene and evaluated these in the laboratory and the field (Stewart et al 1997). Under insect selection pressure in the field, transgenic plants had increased fitness due to reduced defoliation compared with their non-transgenic counterparts when allowed to naturalize following cultivation.…”

Section: Herbicide Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2008. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa. Can. J. Plan Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicideresistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology Gulden, R. H., Warwick, S. I. et Thomas, A. G. 2008. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 137. Brassica napus L. et B. rapa L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 951Á996. Brassica napus et B. rapa sont des plantes originaires d'Eurasie. Au Canada, on les de´signe souvent sous l'expression « canola spontane´», tandis que les peuplements sauvages de B. rapa sont appele´s « navette ». Dans l'Ouest canadien, Brassica napus et B. rapa sont cultive´s commercialement pour l'huile que renferment leurs graines depuis le milieu du sie`cle dernier et les repousses spontane´es sont devenues monnaie courante dans les champs. On observe des peuplements des deux espe`ces le long des routes et des voies ferre´es ainsi que dans les terrains vagues, cependant on sait que seule B. rapa s'est acclimate´e pour donner des populations sauvages et stables dans les meˆmes habitats, dans l'est du pays. Malgre´cela, B. napus et B. rapa demeurent surtout pre´occupants dans les cultures, oul eur abondance relative, une fois combine´s, s'est accrue au cours des dernie`res de´cennies. Au milieu des anne´e 1990, des ge´notypes de B. napus re´sistants aux herbicides ont e´te´homologue´s pour la culture commerciale. Cette re´sistance et l'accumulation des ge`nes qui la codent dans les peuplements spontane´s ont concouru a`compliquer la lutte contre les repousses de B. napus dans certaines cultures. Quoi qu'il en soit, les pertes de rendement qui en re´sultent sont mal e´taye´es au Canada.

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Section: Herbicide Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptibility to turnip mosaic viruses (TuMV), a serious disease of rutabaga (B. napus), was surveyed in 171 weed species in southern Ontario (Stobbs and Stirling 1990). Ten of the 13 crucifer species surveyed, including weedy B. rapa and B. napus subsp.…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Gulden¹,

Warwick²,

Thomas³

2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Herbicide résistance is likely to confer less ferai fitness advantage than disease or insect résis-tance . One of the first démonstrations of enhanced fitness was a Bt field study of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed (B. napus) under insect sélection pressure (Stewart et al 1997). Similar additive ecological advantage for a transgene was reported in a compétitive field trial for viral-(beet necrotic yellow vein virus) résistant transgenic sugar beet in the présence of viral sélective pressure (Bartsch et al 1996).…”

Section: Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 71%

Transgenic crops : new weed problems for Canada?

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Small³

2005

phyto

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Over 25 000 transgenic field trials were conducted globally from 1986-1997, and many transgenic crops, including soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), canola (Brassica napus, B. rapa), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and potato (Solarium tuberosum) have been commercially released. There has been a high adoption rate, with at least 28 million ha reported for 1998, with herbicide- and insect-resistant plants occupying 71 and 28% of the releases, respectively. The current status of commercial production of transgenic crops in Canada is summarized. Transgenic crops have the potential to change weed communities/populations in three principal ways, via: 1 ) escape and proliferation of the transgenic plants as 'weedy' volunteers with subsequent displacement of the crop, weed and/or natural vegetation; 2) hybridization with and transgene infiltration into related weedy and/or wild species, resulting in invigorated weeds and/or alteration of natural gene frequencies in these species; and 3) genetic changes in populations of unrelated species, as a result of changes to the environment, in particular herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenic crops and the development of HR weeds. Potential risk can be estimated a priori using knowledge of the systematics of crop/wild/weed complexes. Risk must be assessed on a case-by-case basis for each crop, each country/ecological region, and for each trait. Potential weed risks will be greater if crop volunteers are predisposed to becoming weedy, are well adapted to the Canadian climate and if sexually compatible wild species are present.

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“…The transgenic variety was competitively superior when the two varieties were subject to selection pressure in the form of herbivory by the diamondback moth, in greenhouse experiments and in field plots. In a similar study, Stewart et al (1997) showed that, where suitable habitat is available, there is a likelihood of increased fitness in oilseed rape varieties expressing Bt transgenes.…”

Section: Change In Persistence or Invasiveness Of The Cropmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Environmental Effects of Genetically Modified Crops Resistant to Insects

Fontes¹,

Pires²,

Sujii³

et al. 2002

Neotrop. Entomol.

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Efeitos Ambientais de Culturas Geneticamente Modificadas Resistentes a InsetosRESUMO -Cultivares transgênicas de várias culturas estão sendo utilizadas em escala comercial em muitos países. A área dedicada ao cultivo com plantas transgênicas resistentes às pragas em todo o mundo alcançou 13 milhões de hectares em 2001. As cultivares transgênicas proporcionam benefícios, mas também apresentam riscos potenciais. As avaliações do seu impacto no ambiente são conduzidas antes da sua aprovação para uso comercial, como requerido pelas normas de biossegurança. Nesta revisão, serão discutidas as conseqüências ecológicas potenciais do uso comercial na agricultura de cultivares geneticamente modificadas que apresentam resistência aos insetos-pragas. Também serão discutidos os impactos ambientais causados pelas mudanças nas práticas agrícolas, identificando-se falhas e oportunidades de pesquisa, considerando-se essa nova ferramenta tecnológica. Os comentários e análises serão baseados no conhecimento atual que se tem dos riscos e beneficios do uso de cultivares resistentes a insetos, geneticamente modificadas, dentro do contexto dos programas de manejo integrado de pragas tradicionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Planta transgênica, Bacillus thuringiensis, organismo não-alvo, fluxo gênico, biossegurança ABSTRACT -Transgenic crops are currently being cultivated on a commercial scale in many countries. The area devoted to transgenic pest resistant varieties worldwide reached 13 million hectares in 2001. These varieties offer valuable benefits but also pose potential risks. Assessments of their impact on the environment are conducted before they are approved for commercial use, as required by the regulatory biosafety frameworks. In this review, we discuss the potential ecological consequences of the commercial use in agriculture of genetically modified insect resistant crops. We also discuss the impacts caused by the change in agricultural practices, and attempt to identify gaps and possible opportunities for research, considering this new technological tool. We based our analysis and comments on the current knowledge of the risks and benefits of these genetically modified insect resistant crops, within the context of traditional insect management strategies.KEY WORDS: Transgenic crop, Bt gene, non-target organism, gene flow, biosafety affect the environment (Dale et al. 2002). The discussions on GM pest resistant crops in many parts of the world has led to questions about their potential impacts on biodiversity, particularly on their effects on non-target organisms, including insect herbivores and natural enemies, and soil microbiota. Further concern arises from the possibility of resistance development in insect pests, which could endanger important natural resources such as the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, a natural microbial insecticide. Another issue frequently cited as a potential risk of pest resistant GM crops is the possible movement of the inserted gene from crops to wild or weedy relatives, and the consequences of...

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Increased fitness of transgenic insecticidal rapeseed under insect selection pressure

Cited by 121 publications

References 25 publications

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

Transgenic crops : new weed problems for Canada?

The Environmental Effects of Genetically Modified Crops Resistant to Insects

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