Increased fibroblast functionality on CNN2-loaded titania nanotubes

Abstract

Infection and epithelial downgrowth are major problems associated with maxillofacial percutaneous implants. These complications are mainly due to the improper closure of the implant-skin interface. Therefore, designing a percutaneous implant that better promotes the formation of a stable soft tissue biologic seal around percutaneous sites is highly desirable. Additionally, the fibroblast has been proven to play an important role in the formation of biologic seals. In this study, titania nanotubes were filled with 11.2 kDa C-terminal CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) fragment, which could exert full CCN2 activity to increase the biological functionality of fibroblasts. This drug delivery system was fabricated on a titanium implant surface. CCN2 was loaded into anodized titania nanotubes using a simplified lyophilization method and the loading efficiency was approximately 80%. Then, the release kinetics of CCN2 from these nanotubes was investigated. Furthermore, the influence of CCN2-loaded titania nanotubes on fibroblast functionality was examined. The results revealed increased fibroblast adhesion at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours, increased fibroblast viability over the course of 5 days, as well as enhanced actin cytoskeleton organization on CCN2-loaded titania nanotubes surfaces compared to uncoated, unmodified counterparts. Therefore, the results from this in vitro study demonstrate that CCN2-loaded titania nanotubes have the ability to increase fibroblast functionality and should be further studied as a method of promoting the formation of a stable soft tissue biologic seal around percutaneous sites.

Improved antibacterial activity and biocompatibility on vancomycin-loaded TiO2 nanotubes: in vivo and in vitro studies

“…Other reports have shown similar release times. 24,27 Figure 1C shows concentrations of approximately 600 µg/mL at 15 minutes, 142.5 µg/mL at 60 minutes, and 45 µg/mL at 180 minutes in vitro, which were much higher than that of the MIC of the S. aureus in this study (0.5 µg/mL). The 210-minute release of vancomycin mainly enhanced initial antibacterial efficacy.…”

“…The protocol to release the drug from the NTs was followed as previously described. 24,27 In brief, the surface was immersed in 500 µL of PBS in a twelve-well plate (Corning, Corning, NY, USA) at room temperature with orbital shaking of 70 rpm. A 200 µL sample was taken after specific time intervals to determine the release kinetics.…”

Titania Nanotubes for Local Drug Delivery from Implant Surfaces

“…After 2 and 4 weeks, enhanced type1 collagen and osteocalcin expression was confirmed on ibandronate loaded TNTs, which translates into improved osseointegration [118]. Furthermore, in separate studies, CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor) fragment and peptide sequence KRSR (lysine-arginine-serine-arginine) loaded TNTs were also found to enhance the integration of the implants [119,120].…”

Dual delivery of platelet‐derived growth factor and bone morphogenetic factor‐6 on titanium surface to enhance the early period of implant osseointegration

“…Surface wettability was evaluated by detecting the contact angle after dropping 2 μL of deionized water to eight randomly selected points. 47 The threshold contact angle was taken as 90°, and the contact angles narrower than this value were considered to be hydrophilic.…”