Increased expression of key SARS-CoV-2 entry points in multiple tissues in individuals with NAFLD

Meijnikman, Abraham S.; Bruin, Sjoerd C.; Groen, Albert K.; Nieuwdorp, Max; Herrema, Hilde

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.007

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In hyperlipidaemia and NAFLD patients systemic overexpression of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry and cleavage (such as FURIN, angiotensin I converting enzyme 2, and transmembrane serine protease 2), (35)(36)(37) proinflammatory M1 phenotype polarization of macrophages mediated by interferon, circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines elevated, increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with activation of the pro-interleukin-17 axis, and enhanced production of pro-coagulant molecules, (38-43) these pathways increase susceptibility of severe COVID-19 in NAFLD patients. Therefore chronic low-grade inflammation is suggested as the main leading process to trigger immune dysregulation, cytokine storm, and hypercoagulability in NAFLD patients with COVID-19 (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Only High Number and Specific Comorbidities but Also Age Are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Some patients with comorbidities and rapid disease progression have a poor prognosis.Aim: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of comorbidities and their relationship with disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients.Methods: A total of 718 COVID-19 patients were divided into five clinical type groups and eight age-interval groups. The characteristics of comorbidities were compared between the different clinical type groups and between the different age-interval groups, and their relationships with disease progression and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were assessed.Results: Approximately 91.23% (655/718) of COVID-19 patients were younger than 60 years old. Approximately 64.76% (465/718) had one or more comorbidities, and common comorbidities included non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), hyperuricaemia, and gout. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, especially those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension, DM, COPD, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CVD were mainly found in severe COVID-19 patients. According to spearman correlation analysis the number of comorbidities was correlated positively with disease severity, the number of comorbidities and NAFLD were correlated positively with virus negative conversion time, hypertension, CKD and CVD were primarily associated with those who died, and the above-mentioned correlation existed independently of age. Risk factors included age, the number of comorbidities and hyperlipidaemia for disease severity, the number of comorbidities, hyperlipidaemia, NAFLD and COPD for the virus negative conversion time, and the number of comorbidities and CKD for prognosis. Number of comorbidities and age played a predictive role in disease progression and outcomes.Conclusion: Not only high number and specific comorbidities but also age are closely related to progression and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. These findings provide a reference for clinicians to focus on not only the number and specific comorbidities but also age in COVID-19 patients to predict disease progression and prognosis.Clinical Trial Registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Only High Number and Specific Comorbidities but Also Age Are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,6 Concerns have been raised recently about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the large population of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 1,6,7 who may be uniquely susceptible to COVID-19 infection and disease progression. [8][9][10] The study aimed to explore the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with NAFLD in a large Chinese cohort. This multicenter study included NAFLD patients without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, from 11 designated centers in the network of Chinese Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) between 4 October 2020 and 26 February 2021, with a final follow-up on March 18, 2021.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (CHESS2101): A multicenter study

Wang

Hou

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Hepatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background & Aims The development of COVID-19 vaccines has progressed with encouraging safety and efficacy data. Concerns have been raised about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the large population of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The study aimed to explore the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in NAFLD. Methods This multicenter study included patients with NAFLD without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients were vaccinated with 2 doses of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of adverse reactions within 7 days after each injection and overall incidence of adverse reactions within 28 days, and the primary immunogenicity outcome was neutralizing antibody response at least 14 days after the whole-course vaccination. Results A total of 381 patients with pre-existing NAFLD were included from 11 designated centers in China. The median age was 39.0 years (IQR 33.0–48.0 years) and 179 (47.0%) were male. The median BMI was 26.1 kg/m 2 (IQR 23.8–28.1 kg/m 2 ). The number of adverse reactions within 7 days after each injection and adverse reactions within 28 days totaled 95 (24.9%) and 112 (29.4%), respectively. The most common adverse reactions were injection site pain in 70 (18.4%), followed by muscle pain in 21 (5.5%), and headache in 20 (5.2%). All adverse reactions were mild and self-limiting, and no grade 3 adverse reactions were recorded. Notably, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 364 (95.5%) patients with NAFLD. The median neutralizing antibody titer was 32 (IQR 8-64), and the neutralizing antibody titers were maintained. Conclusions The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine appears to be safe with good immunogenicity in patients with NAFLD. Lay summary The development of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has progressed rapidly, with encouraging safety and efficacy data. This study now shows that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine appears to be safe with good immunogenicity in the large population of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

show abstract

“…These diseases were identified as independent risk factors for poor COVID-19 prognosis, each contributing to disease progression through different mechanisms 20 , 22 . For example, physiological abnormalities in patients with NAFLD such as impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, platelet hyperactivation and hypercoagulable state 23 , the underlying liver fibrosis 24 , up-regulated ACE2 25 , and a pronounced inflammatory response 26 probably all contribute to severe COVID-19. In the obese with comorbidities, the mechanisms of comorbidities aggravating COVID-19 and the changes caused by obesity itself synergistically lead to disease progression and severe condition.…”

Section: Basic Physiological Changes Induced By Obesity Increase the Susceptibility To Severe Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and severe coronavirus disease 2019: molecular mechanisms, paths forward, and therapeutic opportunities

Yan¹,

Xiao²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Theranostics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to have higher pathogenicity among patients with obesity. Obesity, termed as body mass index greater than 30 kg/m 2 , has now been demonstrated to be important comorbidity for disease severity during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated with adverse events. Unraveling mechanisms behind this phenomenon can assist scientists, clinicians, and policymakers in responding appropriately to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we systemically delineated the potential mechanistic links between obesity and worsening COVID-19 from altered physiology, underlying diseases, metabolism, immunity, cytokine storm, and thrombosis. Problematic ventilation caused by obesity and preexisting medical disorders exacerbate organ dysfunction for patients with obesity. Chronic metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, vitamin D deficiency, and polymorphisms of metabolism-related genes in obesity, probably aid SARS-CoV-2 intrusion and impair antiviral responses. Obesity-induced inadequate antiviral immunity (interferon, natural killer cells, invariant natural killer T cell, dendritic cell, T cells, B cell) at the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to delayed viral elimination, increased viral load, and expedited viral mutation. Cytokine storm, with the defective antiviral immunity, probably contributes to tissue damage and pathological progression, resulting in severe symptoms and poor prognosis. The prothrombotic state, driven in large part by endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivation, hypercoagulability, and impaired fibrinolysis in obesity, also increases the risk of severe COVID-19. These mechanisms in the susceptibility to severe condition also open the possibility for host-directed therapies in population with obesity. By bridging work done in these fields, researchers can gain a holistic view of the paths forward and therapeutic opportunities to break the vicious cycle of obesity and its devastating complications in the next emerging pandemic.

show abstract

Increased expression of key SARS-CoV-2 entry points in multiple tissues in individuals with NAFLD

Cited by 36 publications

References 8 publications

Not Only High Number and Specific Comorbidities but Also Age Are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19

Not Only High Number and Specific Comorbidities but Also Age Are Closely Related to Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients With COVID-19

Safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (CHESS2101): A multicenter study

Obesity and severe coronavirus disease 2019: molecular mechanisms, paths forward, and therapeutic opportunities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About