Increased expression of iNOS by Langerhans cells in hanging marks

Focardi, Martina; Bugelli, Valentina; Venturini, Martina; Bianchi, Ilenia; Defraia, Beatrice; Pinchi, Vilma; Bacci, Stefano

doi:10.1080/00450618.2020.1817556

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The distribution of MHC class II cells, Langerhans cells, and mast cells in ligature marks has been also investigated immunohistochemically [ 6 , 14 ]. These cells play a crucial role in the early response to tissue damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark

Mansueto

Feola

Zangani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: A ligature mark is a common injury in cases of hanging or strangulation. Estimation of age and vitality of the ligature mark can be crucial for differentiating antemortem and postmortem wounds and to distinguish between simulated suicidal hanging or accidental strangulation to conceal a crime and not simulated events. The immunohistochemistry has been recommended by several Authors as a reliable tool to determine whether an injury was sustained during life or not. Unfortunately, no general agreement on the immunohistochemical markers to be used has been found among the scientific community. The aim of the study was to detect the type and function of the immunohistochemical markers useful in the assessment of the vitality and age of the ligature marks for routine diagnostics. Methods: Papers available on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Only eight papers satisfied all the following inclusion criteria: full texts in English dealing with human ligature marks and immunohistochemistry published on impacted or indexed scientific journals. Conclusions: The assessment of the vitality of a ligature mark is still a challenging topic in forensic science. Under ideal conditions and in compliance with autopsy protocols, the diagnosis of death by hanging or strangulation on fresh bodies can be better supported by autopsy findings other than a ligature mark. The validation of immunohistochemical markers on large series could be of help in doubtful cases and differential diagnoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells play a crucial role in the early response to tissue damage. The results show that dendritic cells CD1a+ are mostly present in vital ligature marks, along with an over-expression of the INOS [ 6 , 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark

Mansueto

Feola

Zangani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Tryptase and CD15 were also useful for the determination of wound vitality in ligature marks ( 29 ). Focardi et al ( 41 , 42 ) focused on Langerhans cells determined by both antigens of MHC-II and CD1A and revealed that Langerhans cells and their-derived iNOS was significantly higher in ligature marks with vitality. Alternatively, De Matteis et al ( 43 ) examined neck muscle tissues not neck skin samples, and evaluated the use of Troponin I—fast skeletal muscle (TNNI2) to perform differential diagnoses about vitality in suicide by hanging and simulated hanging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Application of Epidermal Ubiquitin Expression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Human Compressed Neck Skin

et al. 2022

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Ubiquitin is a member of the heat shock protein family and is rapidly induced by various types of stimuli, including ischemic and mechanical stress. However, its significance in determining wound vitality of neck compression skin in forensic pathology remains unclear. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of ubiquitin in the neck skin samples to understand its forensic applicability in determining wound vitality. Skin samples were obtained from 53 cases of neck compression (hanging, 42 cases; strangulation, 11 cases) during forensic autopsies. Intact skin from the same individual was used as the control. Ubiquitin expression was detected in 73.9% of keratinocytes in intact skin samples, but only in 21.2% of keratinocytes in the compression regions, with statistical differences between the control and compression groups. This depletion in the case of neck compression may be caused by the impaired conversion of conjugated to free ubiquitin and failure of de novo ubiquitin synthesis. From a forensic pathological perspective, immunohistochemical examination of ubiquitin expression in the skin of the neck can be regarded as a valuable marker for diagnosing traces of antemortem compression.

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“…Among AQP, AQP3 appears to be a reliable marker for neck compression (6). In addition, the distribution of MHC class II cells, mast cells, and Langerhans cells at the ligation mark has also been investigated immunohistochemically (9,20). Langerhans cells play an important role in the initial response to tissue damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic application of epidermal expression of HSP27 and HSP70 for the determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin

Zhang

Ishida

Ishigami

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Estimating the age and vitality of human skin wounds is essential for forensic practice, and the use of immunohistochemical parameters for the same remains a challenge. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionarily conserved, universal systems that protect the biological system from various types of stress. However, its importance in forensic pathology in determining wound activation of neck compression skin remains unclear. To understand the forensic applicability in determining wound vitality, the expression of HSP27 and HSP70 in neck skin samples was examined immunohistochemically. Skin samples were obtained from 45 cases of neck compression (hanging, 32 cases; strangulation, 10 cases; manual strangulation, two cases; other, one case) during forensic autopsies; intact skin from the same individual was used as a control. HSP27 expression was detected in 17.4% of keratinocytes in intact skin samples. In the compressed region, the frequency of HSP27 expression in keratinocytes was 75.8%, which was significantly higher than that in intact skin. Similarly, the frequency of HSP70 expression was 24.8% in intact skin and 81.9% in compressed skin, which was significantly higher in compressed skin than in intact skin. This increase in case compression cases may be due to the cell defense role of HSPs. From a forensic pathology perspective, immunohistochemical examination of HSP27 and HSP70 expression in neck skin can be seen as a valuable marker for diagnosing traces of prenatal compression.

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Increased expression of iNOS by Langerhans cells in hanging marks

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark

A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark

Forensic Application of Epidermal Ubiquitin Expression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Human Compressed Neck Skin

Forensic application of epidermal expression of HSP27 and HSP70 for the determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin

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