Increased eryptosis in smokers is associated with the antioxidant status and C-reactive protein levels

Attanzio, Alessandro; Frazzitta, Anna; Vasto, Sonya; Tesoriere, Luisa; Pintaudi, Anna Maria; Livrea, Maria Antonia; Cilla, Antonio; Allegra, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2018.10.019

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…One potential toxic effect is that Cd causes erythrocytes to undergo suicidal death, known as eryptosis, the mechanism by which such injured cells are removed [155,156]. Enhanced eryptosis, seen in smokers, has been linked to oxidative stress and inflammation [157].…”

Section: Cadmium In Erythrocytes Versus Blood Plasma (Serum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Satarug

Gobé

Vesey

et al. 2020

Toxics

112

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The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations are exposed. Epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of coexposure to Cd and Pb have shown that Pb may enhance the nephrotoxicity of Cd and vice versa. Herein, the existing tolerable intake levels of Cd and Pb are discussed together with the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit of 5.24 μg/g creatinine. Dietary sources of Cd and Pb and the intake levels reported for average consumers in the U.S., Spain, Korea, Germany and China are summarized. The utility of urine, whole blood, plasma/serum, and erythrocytes to quantify exposure levels of Cd and Pb are discussed. Epidemiological studies that linked one of these measurements to risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality from common ailments are reviewed. A Cd intake level of 23.2 μg/day, which is less than half the safe intake stated by the guidelines, may increase the risk of CKD by 73%, and urinary Cd levels one-tenth of the threshold limit, defined by excessive ß2-microglobulin excretion, were associated with increased risk of CKD, mortality from heart disease, cancer of any site and Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate that the current tolerable intake of Cd and the conventional urinary Cd threshold limit do not provide adequate health protection. Any excessive Cd excretion is probably indicative of tubular injury. In light of the evolving realization of the interaction between Cd and Pb, actions to minimize environmental exposure to these toxic metals are imperative.

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Section: Cadmium In Erythrocytes Versus Blood Plasma (Serum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Satarug

Gobé

Vesey

et al. 2020

Toxics

112

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“…It is recognized that cigarette smoking and gamma irradiation may negatively impact RBC structure and physiology. Cigarette smoking has been associated with significant changes in markers of inflammation, osmotic fragility, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and hemolysis . In addition, RBCs donated by chronic smokers have higher carboxyHb (COHb) content and greater levels of cadmium and lead compared to nonsmokers .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cigarette smoking has been associated with significant changes in markers of inflammation, osmotic fragility, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and hemolysis. [15][16][17][18][19][20] In addition, RBCs donated by chronic smokers have higher carboxyHb (COHb) content and greater levels of cadmium and lead compared to nonsmokers. 21,22 Despite these concerns, there are no available data showing donor tobacco use impacts transfusion recipient outcomes, and donor smoking habits are not routinely assessed before blood donation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of blood donor smoking and gamma irradiation on outcome measures of red blood cell transfusion

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Recent publications have reported conflicting results regarding the role of blood donor tobacco use on hemoglobin (Hb) levels in patients after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. We examined associations and interactions between donor, component, and recipient factors to better understand the impact of donor smoking on transfusion outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We linked blood donor and component manufacturing data, including self‐reported cigarette smoking, with a cohort of patients transfused RBCs between 2013 and 2016. Using multivariable regression, we examined Hb increments and subsequent transfusion requirements after single‐unit RBC transfusion episodes, adjusting for donor, component, and recipient factors. RESULTS We linked data on 4038 transfusion recipients who received one or more single‐unit RBC transfusions (n = 5086 units) to donor demographic and component manufacturing characteristics. Among RBC units from smokers (n = 326), Hb increments were reduced after transfusion of gamma‐irradiated units (0.76 g/dL; p = 0.033) but not unirradiated units (1.04 g/dL; p = 0.54) compared to those from nonsmokers (1.01 g/dL; n = 4760). In parallel with changes in Hb levels, donor smoking was associated with the receipt of additional RBC transfusions for irradiated (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; p = 0.01) but not unirradiated RBC units (OR, 1.10; p = 0.52). CONCLUSION Donor smoking was associated with reduced Hb increments and the need for additional transfusions in recipients of gamma‐irradiated RBC units. Additional research is needed to better understand interactions between donor, component, and recipient factors on efficacy measures of RBC transfusion.

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“…RBC oxidative stress causes suicidal erythrocyte death i.e. ; eryptosis which is highly correlated with the occurrence of chronic inflammatory diseases (66) and high level of superoxide anion in smokers (67). The RBC membrane enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acid is the target of oxidants and toxins of cigarette smoking and it is also the vulnerable place to generate large scale of ROS from smoking (54,68,69).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin is a potential therapeutic molecule for oxidative stress induced red blood cell (RBC) injury : A review

et al. 2020

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Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their absence of nuclei and mitochondria, presence of iron containing heme and high amounts of fatty acids in their uniquely constructed lipid bilayer membrane. The principal function of RBCs is to carry oxygen to tissues. Thus, RBCs have to pass through the micro-capillaries in which it requires these cells exhibits high structural deformability and great elasticity. The intact cytoskeletal architecture and proper membrane fluidity of RBCs are crucial for their deformability. Many factors can jeopardize the structural and functional harmony of RBCs. One of them is ROS which causes RBC oxidative injuries manifested by hemolytic anaemia such as occurring in β-thalassemia. Melatonin, as a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, can effectively protect against RBC oxidative injuries. In addition, melatonin chelates the free iron and upregulates gene expression of antioxidant enzymes of RBCs. Melatonin is synthesized and highly accumulated in RBCs to exhibit the on-site protection. All of these indicate that melatonin is a best molecule to preserve the structural and functional intactness of RBCs. This review tries to update the current development in the field and suggests the potential utility of melatonin on the RBC related disorders.

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Increased eryptosis in smokers is associated with the antioxidant status and C-reactive protein levels

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Cadmium and Lead Exposure, Nephrotoxicity, and Mortality

Additive effects of blood donor smoking and gamma irradiation on outcome measures of red blood cell transfusion

Melatonin is a potential therapeutic molecule for oxidative stress induced red blood cell (RBC) injury : A review

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