Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Before and After Treatment

Hajcak, Greg; Franklin, Martin E.; Foa, Edna B.; Simons, Robert F.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07010143

Cited by 226 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The present results are consistent with results in pediatric OCD patients revealing that increased error-related negativity (17) and increased error-related activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (18) are maintained over the course of successful therapy. Together, these results indicate that brain correlates of overactive performance monitoring in OCD are independent of symptom state and seem to represent an underlying risk marker or endophenotype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Brain structures showing such functional normalization include the nucleus caudatus (33), the thalamus (28), and the anterior cingulate cortex (e.g., references 34,35). Although state-dependent variations in anterior cingulate functions have been shown, overactive performance monitoring, which has been linked to activity in this region, appears to be independent of current symptom state (17,18). It is not entirely clear how the trait-like errorrelated negativity and state-like anterior cingulate cortex activity at rest and during symptom provocation are related to each other in healthy individuals and in OCD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although enhanced performance monitoring in OCD fulfills the majority of these criteria, data evaluating its stability over time is still missing for adult patient populations. Evidence from pediatric OCD patients suggests that enhanced error-related brain activity persists after symptom reduction (17,18). The purpose of the present study was to examine performance monitoring in adult OCD patients before and after symptom reduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Riesel¹,

Endraß²,

Auerbach³

et al. 2015

AJP

106

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Objective: Overactive performance monitoring, as measured by the error-related negativity in the event-related brain potential, represents one of the most robust psychophysiological alterations in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It has been proposed as an endophenotype for OCD because it is heritable and more prevalent in families of OCD patients. Consistent with this notion, it is also independent of symptom profile and symptom severity in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinally, it has been shown to be state independent in pediatric patients with OCD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the state dependency of error monitoring by examining adult OCD patients before and after symptom reduction through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).Method: Error-related and correct-related negativity as electrophysiological indicators of performance monitoring were recorded from 45 OCD patients and 39 healthy comparison subjects while performing a flanker task. Patients were assessed before starting and after completing a standard 30-session CBT, including exposure and response prevention, and healthy comparison subjects were tested after a comparable time interval.Results: Pretreatment, patients with OCD were characterized by enhanced error-related and correct-related negativity compared with healthy comparison subjects. This difference persisted after treatment when symptoms were substantially reduced. There was no significant correlation between symptom improvement and changes in performance monitoring and no difference in performance monitoring between treatment responders and nonresponders.Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study in adult OCD patients showing stability of enhanced error monitoring following successful symptom reduction through CBT. It supports the hypothesis that overactive performance monitoring is an endophenotype that indicates vulnerability for OCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Riesel¹,

Endraß²,

Auerbach³

et al. 2015

AJP

106

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“…Researches in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) [28,29] and severe traumatic brain injury patients [30] showed hyperactivity in ACC in error responses, which suggested an impaired error-monitoring ability. IAD was speculated to be related to impaired inhibitory control or impulse control failure [3,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Error-Monitoring Function in People with Internet Addiction Disorder: An Event-Related fMRI Study

Dong¹,

Shen²,

Huang³

et al. 2013

Eur Addict Res

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Background: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is rapidly becoming a prevalent mental health concern around the world. The neurobiological underpinnings of IAD should be studied to unravel the potential heterogeneity. This study was set to investigate the error-monitoring ability in IAD subjects. Methods: Fifteen IAD subjects and 15 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Participants were asked to perform a fast Stroop task that may show error responses. Behavioral and neurobiological results in relation to error responses were compared between IAD subjects and HC. Results: Compared to HC, IAD subjects showed increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and decreased activation in the orbitofrontal cortex following error responses. Significant correlation was found between ACC activation and the Internet addiction test scores. Conclusions: IAD subjects show an impaired error-monitoring ability compared to HC, which can be detected by the hyperactivation in ACC in error responses.

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“…Importantly, the successful recruitment of mPCF/lPFC-mediated control processes is inferred from post-error behavior such as slowed RTs and increased accuracy (Garavan et al, 2002;Kerns et al, 2004;Kerns, 2006;Hester et al, 2007;Danielmeier and Ullsperger, 2011;Schroder and Moser, 2014). The recruitment of cognitive control in anxiety, on the other hand, has generally been inferred from an enhanced ERN/ACC activity as anxiety (and worry in particular) is not reliably associated with posterror behavior (Hajcak and Simons, 2002;Hajcak et al, 2003;Hajcak et al, 2008;Hanna et al, 2012;Meyer et al, 2013;Moran et al, 2012;Weinberg et al, 2010Pourtois, 2010, 2012;Carrasco et al, 2013). This leads to the question 'if anxiety enhances error-related cognitive control processes (i.e.…”

Section: The Ern and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sending mixed signals: worry is associated with enhanced initial error processing but reduced call for subsequent cognitive control

Moran

Bernat

Aviyente

et al. 2015

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Worry is reliably associated with overactive action-monitoring processes as measured by the error-related negativity (ERN). However, worry is not associated with error-related behavioral adjustments which are typically used to infer increased cognitive control following errors. We hypothesized that this disconnect between overactive action monitoring and unimproved post-error adjustments in worriers is the result of reduced functional integration between medial and lateral prefrontal regions during generation of the ERN, understood to have an important role in mediating controlled processing. To test this, we examined ERN amplitude and interchannel phase synchrony extracted from scalp-recorded electroencephalographic data during error processing in 77 undergraduates who performed a Flankers task. Correlational and path analytic results demonstrated that worry was related to both an enlarged ERN and reduced phase synchrony. Although not directly related to post-error behavioral adjustments, results also revealed that worry was indirectly related to poor post-error adjustments through its association with reduced phase synchrony. Therefore, worry seems to affect multiple components of the action-monitoring system. It is related not just with the initial response to the error, but also with the transmission of information between networks involved in cognitive control processes.

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Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Before and After Treatment

Cited by 226 publications

References 40 publications

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Overactive Performance Monitoring as an Endophenotype for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Evidence From a Treatment Study

Impaired Error-Monitoring Function in People with Internet Addiction Disorder: An Event-Related fMRI Study

Sending mixed signals: worry is associated with enhanced initial error processing but reduced call for subsequent cognitive control

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