Increased DNA repair in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CPD photolyase

Kaiser, Gudrun; Kleiner, Oliver; Beißwenger, Christoph; Batschauer, Alfred

doi:10.1007/s00425-009-0962-y

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…To avoid the deleterious effects of UVR, plants have acquired two main protective strategies; shielding by flavonoids and phenolic compounds [168, 169] and DNA repair by photoreactivation. Photoreactivation mediated by the enzyme photolyases is thought to be the major DNA repair pathway in several higher plants such as rice, Arabidopsis , wheat, and maize [170–172]. Studies on Arabidopsis seedling, rice, and alfalfa indicate that photoreactivation greatly enhances the rate of removal of dimers, although, in the absence of photoreactivating (blue) light, dimers are slowly eliminated from bulk DNA and 6-4PPs are generally observed to be repaired more quickly than CPDs [173, 174].…”

Section: Photoreactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced DNA Damage and Repair

Rastogi

Richa

Kumar

et al. 2010

Journal of Nucleic Acids

939

735

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DNA is one of the prime molecules, and its stability is of utmost importance for proper functioning and existence of all living systems. Genotoxic chemicals and radiations exert adverse effects on genome stability. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (mainly UV-B: 280–315 nm) is one of the powerful agents that can alter the normal state of life by inducing a variety of mutagenic and cytotoxic DNA lesions such as cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs), and their Dewar valence isomers as well as DNA strand breaks by interfering the genome integrity. To counteract these lesions, organisms have developed a number of highly conserved repair mechanisms such as photoreactivation, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and mismatch repair (MMR). Additionally, double-strand break repair (by homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining), SOS response, cell-cycle checkpoints, and programmed cell death (apoptosis) are also operative in various organisms with the expense of specific gene products. This review deals with UV-induced alterations in DNA and its maintenance by various repair mechanisms.

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Section: Photoreactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced DNA Damage and Repair

Rastogi

Richa

Kumar

et al. 2010

Journal of Nucleic Acids

939

735

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we functionally characterized M. robertsii CPD and (6–4)PP photolyases and found that the (6–4)PP photolyase effectively removed the (6-4)PPs lesions introduced by sunlight, whereas CPDs accumulated causing cytotoxic effects and loss of virulence. As expressing a plant photolyase reduced mutations in the UV-exposed skin of mice [18], and overexpressing a native photolyase moderately increased growth of UV-treated Arabidopsis thaliana [21], we decided to investigate the extent to which photolyases could be used to engineer UV-tolerance in entomopathogens. We found that overexpressing the native M. robertsii photolyase or expressing the photolyase of a highly UV tolerant Halobacterium [22], both imparted increased UV tolerance, but the Halobacterium enzyme was much more effective and achieved a 32-fold improvement in survivability to sunlight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced UV Resistance and Improved Killing of Malaria Mosquitoes by Photolyase Transgenic Entomopathogenic Fungi

Fang

Leger

2012

PLoS ONE

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The low survival of microbial pest control agents exposed to UV is the major environmental factor limiting their effectiveness. Using gene disruption we demonstrated that the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii uses photolyases to remove UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6-4) photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] from its DNA. However, this photorepair is insufficient to fix CPD lesions and prevent the loss of viability caused by seven hours of solar radiation. Expression of a highly efficient archaeal (Halobacterium salinarum) CPD photolyase increased photorepair >30-fold in both M. robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. Consequently, transgenic strains were much more resistant to sunlight and retained virulence against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. In the field this will translate into much more efficient pest control over a longer time period. Conversely, our data shows that deleting native photolyase genes will strictly contain M. robertsii to areas protected from sunlight, alleviating safety concerns that transgenic hypervirulent Metarhizium spp will spread from mosquito traps or houses. The precision and malleability of the native and transgenic photolyases allows design of multiple pathogens with different strategies based on the environments in which they will be used.

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“…UV-hyper-resistant plants have in fact already been produced by over-expression of CPD photolyase in rice (22,72) and in Arabidopsis (29) and by that of DDB1A in Arabidopsis (2). these suggest that DnA repair mechanism is the main target of engineering plants for increased UV-resistance.…”

Section: Development Of Uv-hyper-resistant Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%