Increased dietary phosphorous prevents vertebral deformities in triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

Multigenic Delineation of Lower Jaw Deformity in Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…Alp and mmp13 are responsible for bone formation and mineralisation and cartilage and bone resorption, respectively [73–79]. In Atlantic salmon, all these genes have been already shown to be differential expressed in poorly mineralised and deformed vertebrae relative to normal vertebrae [8, 80, 81]. The current study suggests their involvement in the development of a skeletal anomaly affecting the lower jaw in Atlantic salmon.…”

“…In support of a possible hormonal involvement in the condition, LJD has been recently linked to dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency during early stages of development in Atlantic salmon and different dietary P physiological requirements of triploids compared to diploids [8]. As bone in particular and the skeleton in general have a key role in endocrine regulation of minerals and nutrients [43], the onset of LJD could be either the result of a pre-existing impairment in the hormonal pathways of phosphate regulation, possibly involving gphb5 as a thyrostimulin, or that different physiological P requirements, especially in triploids, and dietary P deficiency may trigger or facilitate LJD onset with the effect displayed in the differential expression of particular genes involved in phosphate hormonal control, with a possible role for gphb5 as a thyrostimulin.…”

“…Nevertheless, the physiological differences resulting from triploidy (e.g. fewer and bigger cells and dietary P requirements) are likely interrelated in LJD occurrence [5, 8]. Triploid induction in Atlantic salmon is performed by pressure shocking eggs 30 min after fertilisation, during meiosis II [5, 44].…”

“…Only recently, development of LJD has been linked to dietary phosphorus (P) deficiency and a higher P requirement of triploid Atlantic salmon [8]. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the onset of LJD are not known and could be multifactorial via a combination of genetic (triploidy and genetic background), nutritional (mineral or vitamin deficiency) and environmental (accelerated growth, low dissolved oxygen, elevated temperature and husbandry practices) factors [6–8, 14]. Although it seems to occur mostly during the freshwater phase, onset of LJD can occur at any time in development and prevalence and severity (i.e.…”

Prevalence of deformities in intensively reared peled Coregonus peled and comparative morphometry with pond‐reared fish

“…Phosphorus levels in feed up to 16 mg/kg have been shown to prevent vertebral deformities (Fjelldal et al., ). This was not borne out by our study, in which dietary phosphorus ranged from 12.0 to 17.7 mg/kg.…”