Increased dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids alter serum fatty acid concentrations and lower risk of urine stone formation in cats

Hall, Jean A.; Brockman, Jeff A.; Davidson, Stephen J.; Macleay, Jen; Jewell, Dennis E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187133

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the same study, levels of anti‐inflammatory renal resolvin E1, which is derived from EPA, were elevated in gentamicin‐intoxicated rats fed the FO diet compared to other treatments. In cats, supplementing control food with oils rich in EPA, DHA, and ARA resulted in reduction of urine stone formation (Hall et al, ). From clinical trials, beneficial effects of n‐3 FA for liver and kidney function and the prevention of diseases have been suggested (Friedman, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Rumen‐Protected n‐3 and n‐6 Fatty Acids is Organ‐Specific in Growing Angus Heifers

Wolf

Gredig

Ulbrich

et al. 2019

Lipids

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Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids (FA), play an important role in the regulation of FA metabolism in all mammals. However, FA metabolism differs between different organs, suggesting a distinct partitioning of highly relevant FA. For the present study in cattle, a novel technology was applied to overcome rumen biohydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA. Angus heifers were fed a straw‐based diet supplemented for 8 weeks with 450 g/day of rumen‐protected oil, either from fish (FO) or sunflower (SO). The FA composition in blood and five important organs, namely heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen, was examined. In blood, proportions of polyunsaturated FA were increased by supplementing FO compared to SO. The largest increase of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) proportion was found with FO instead of SO in the kidney, the lowest in the lung. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was increased more in the liver than in kidney, lung, and spleen. The heart incorporated seven times more EPA than DHA, which is more than all other organs and described here for the first time in ruminants. In addition, the heart had the highest proportions of α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3) and linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) of all organs. The proportions of polyunsaturated FA in the lung and spleen were exceptionally low compared to heart, liver, and kidney. In conclusion, it was shown that the response to FO in the distribution of dietary n‐3 FA was organ‐specific while proportions of n‐6 FA were quite inert with respect to the type of oil supplemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Rumen‐Protected n‐3 and n‐6 Fatty Acids is Organ‐Specific in Growing Angus Heifers

Wolf

Gredig

Ulbrich

et al. 2019

Lipids

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“…Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, is a condition common in cats and dogs that shortens the lifespan of cats by about 3 years on average (Hall et al, 2017). The majority of kidney and bladder stones in animals are composed of calcium oxalate or magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), and development of stones is a complex process, involving genetic and environmental factors (Mehta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Kidney Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.

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“…the cat's ability to produce EPA and DHA from dietary precursors is robust. Whereas supplemental dietary EPA and DHA have been shown to have health benefits in cats ( Hall et al, 2017 , 2016 , 2014 ), these data suggest that cats have a significant ability to synthesize them as well. This is in contrast to the observation that cats have a nutritional requirement for EPA and DHA because they have a limited ability to synthesize them ( MacDonald et al, 1984a , b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake

Hall

Jackson²,

Vondran³

et al. 2018

Biology Open

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Food intake changes circulating metabolite concentrations. Thus, a comparison of circulating metabolites between dogs and cats is necessarily confounded by the composition of foods offered. The objective of this study was to determine differences between dogs and cats when given the opportunity to choose their own macronutrient intake. Four experimental foods with similar palatability, but varying in macronutrient content were prepared for dogs, and four for cats. Foods were available to dogs (n=17) for food intake once a day and to cats (n=27) at all times. Food 1 was high protein; Food 2 was high fat; Food 3 was high carbohydrates and Food 4 was balanced for macronutrients. By choosing a combination of foods, each animal could individually set its own macronutrient intake. Plasma metabolomics were determined after pets had consumed their food intake of choice for 28 days. Cats had higher concentrations of the essential amino acids histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine, but lower concentrations of lysine, methionine and threonine compared with dogs. Overall, non-essential amino acids were higher in cats. Regarding lipids, cats had increased concentrations of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after 28 days, although arachidonic acid (AA) was consistently higher in dogs. Regarding circulating microbial metabolites, there was more stability for dogs compared with cats (none changed over time in dogs versus 42% changed in cats; P<0.01). Concentrations of urea cycle intermediates, antioxidants and methylated compounds were also different between species. In conclusion, metabolite differences between dogs and cats reflected differences in species and food choices.

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Increased dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids alter serum fatty acid concentrations and lower risk of urine stone formation in cats

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Partitioning of Rumen‐Protected n‐3 and n‐6 Fatty Acids is Organ‐Specific in Growing Angus Heifers

Partitioning of Rumen‐Protected n‐3 and n‐6 Fatty Acids is Organ‐Specific in Growing Angus Heifers

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

Comparison of circulating metabolite concentrations in dogs and cats when allowed to freely choose macronutrient intake

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