Increased delayed reward during intertemporal decision-making in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings

Wang, Lu; He, Kai; Chen, Xingui; Ji, Gong‐Jun; Bai, Xiaomeng; Xiao, Guixian; Ma, Hu; Wang, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.040

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Several studies have examined DD performance in SZ. Most have found that individuals with SZ have steeper discounting rates than healthy controls (Ahn et al, 2011; Avsar et al, 2013; Brown, Hart, Snapper, Roffman, & Perlis, 2018; Heerey et al, 2007; Weller et al, 2014; Yu et al, 2017); however, findings have not been consistent across all studies (Horan, Johnson, & Green, 2017; Kirschner et al, 2016; MacKillop & Tidey, 2011; Wang et al, 2018; Wing, Moss, Rabin, & George, 2012). Neuroimaging studies indicate that steeper discounting is associated with aberrant activation in brain regions associated with executive function (inferior frontal gyri, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior parietal cortex) and reward processing (ventral striatum and mid-brain) (Avsar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and highly predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in the CHR population are unclear. Two studies were conducted to evaluate whether abnormalities in a reward processing mechanism thought to be core to negative symptoms in SZ, value representation, also exist in CHR individuals and whether they are associated with negative symptoms transphasically. Methods Study 1 included 33 individuals in the chronic phase of illness who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 40 healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 37 CHR participants and 45 CN. In both studies, participants completed the delay discounting (DD) task as a measure of value representation and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale was rated to measure negative symptoms. Results Results indicated that patients with SZ had steeper discounting rates than CN, indicating impairments in value representation. However, CHR participants were unimpaired on the DD task. In both studies, steeper discounting was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that deficits in value representation are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, we may speculate that EFT is effective to modulate delay discounting in individuals with schizotypy who are in the schizophrenia spectrum (Ettinger et al, 2014). Patients with schizophrenia have also been found to show delay discounting deficits (L. Wang et al, 2018;Weller et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2017). EFT may putatively be adapted to improve delay discounting in schizophrenia, further studies are needed to examine this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future thinking is related to lower delay discounting than recent thinking, regardless of the magnitude of the reward, in individuals with schizotypy

Jia

Liu

Cui

et al. 2020

Australian Psychologist

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Objective People often prefer immediate small rewards compared to delayed larger rewards, which is referred to delay discounting. Schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, tends to discount more than healthy controls. Episodic future thinking (EFT), in which people mentally simulate future events to pre‐experience the future, has been found to reduce delay discounting in the general population, but whether this effect can be found in individuals with schizotypy remains unknown. The present study examined, in individuals with schizotypy, whether EFT was associated with lower delay discounting compared to episodic recent thinking (ERT), and whether this effect was related to the magnitude of reward. Method A total of 63 individuals with schizotypy were randomly assigned to the EFT condition (n = 30) or the ERT condition (n = 33). A delay discounting task with both large and small reward conditions was used, and before making choices, participants were asked to vividly think about a future event (EFT condition) or a recent past event (ERT condition). Results Results showed that participants in the EFT condition showed lower delay discounting rate than participants in the ERT condition, regardless of the magnitude of reward. These findings suggest that EFT enhanced the ability to resist immediate reward and had an effect on impulsive decision‐making in schizotypy. Conclusions These results provided crucial insights for developing effective intervention for schizophrenia.

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“…Individuals can capitalize on feedback to provide learning results in a timely manner, which can improve their response effect (Humphreys et al., 2016; Wachter et al., 2009). Previous clinical and research studies have found a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions that have impaired decision‐making (Chen et al., 2017; Geng et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2018). Pleasant and rewarding stimuli may reinforce and increase the effectiveness of learning while negative and punitive penalties (e.g., loss and punishment) may drive individuals to avoid risks and make safe choices (Foerde & Steinglass, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better modulation for risk decision‐making after optimized magnetic stimulation

Wang

et al. 2021

J of Neuroscience Research

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Decision-making, as a kind of high-level cognitive process that involves selecting response options that will ultimately maximize gains while minimizing losses, is of great significance to human survival and adaptation (Hsu et al., 2005). Adaptive decision-making is important for utilizing only relevant and valid feedback and ignoring irrelevant feedback. Individuals can capitalize on feedback to provide learning

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Increased delayed reward during intertemporal decision-making in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

Future thinking is related to lower delay discounting than recent thinking, regardless of the magnitude of the reward, in individuals with schizotypy

Better modulation for risk decision‐making after optimized magnetic stimulation

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