Increased cognitive load during acquisition of a continuous task eliminates the learning effects of self-controlled knowledge of results

Couvillion, Kaylee F.; Bass, Andrew D.; Fairbrother, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1682901

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In another experiment (M. J. Carter & Ste-Marie, 2017a), asking learners to complete an interpolated activity in the interval preceding their choice of whether to receive KR significantly attenuated the self-control benefit (also see Couvillion et al, 2020;Woodard & Fairbrother, 2020). As a final example, M. J.…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analytic Findings in the Self-Controlled Motor Learning Literature: Underpowered, Biased, and Lacking Evidential Value

McKay¹,

Yantha²,

Hussien³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The self-controlled motor learning literature consists of experiments that compare a group of learners who are provided with a choice over an aspect of their practice environment to a group who are yoked to those choices. A qualitative review of the literature suggests an unambiguous benefit from self-controlled practice. A meta-analysis was conducted on the effects of self-controlled practice on retention test performance measures with a focus on assessing and potentially correcting for selection bias in the literature, such as publication bias and p-hacking. First, a naïve random effects model was fit to the data and a moderate benefit of self-controlled practice, g=.44 (k= 52,N= 3134,95%CI[.31, .56]), was found. Second, publication status was added to the model as a potential moderator, revealing a significant difference between published and unpublished findings, with only the former reporting a benefit of self-controlled practice. Third, to investigate and adjust for the impact of selectively reporting statistically significant results, a weight-function model was fit to the data with a one-tailed p-value cutpoint of .025. The weight-function model revealed substantial selection bias and estimated the true average effect of self-controlled practice as g=.107 (95%CI[.047, .18]). P-curve analyses were conducted on the statistically significant results published in the literature and the outcome suggested a lack of evidential value. Fourth, a suite of sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of these results, all of which converged on trivially small effect estimates. Overall, our results suggest the benefit of self-controlled practice on motor learning is small and not currently distinguishable from zero.

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Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-Analytic Findings in the Self-Controlled Motor Learning Literature: Underpowered, Biased, and Lacking Evidential Value

McKay¹,

Yantha²,

Hussien³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The purpose of the present experiment was twofold. First, we sought to replicate the results of our previous study (Couvillion et al, 2019) and second, to determine the role of processing information during the KR-delay interval for demonstrating a self-controlled feedback effect for a continuous task. If information processing during the KR-delay interval is critical for SC effects, then introducing a load during this period should eliminate the effect even when a load was not experienced during execution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The secondary task required participants to identify randomly generated three-digit numbers through continuous verbal exchange with the researcher (cf. Marteniuk, 1986;Carter and Ste-Marie, 2017a;Couvillion et al, 2019). To complete this task, the participant was asked to guess an initial three-digit number.…”

Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The self-controlled learning benefit has been observed in many different types of discrete and serial tasks including object projection tasks (e.g., Janelle et al, 1995;Fairbrother et al, 2012;Post et al, 2014), anticipation timing tasks (e.g., Ali et al, 2012), and sequencing tasks (e.g., Patterson et al, 2011;Wu and Magill, 2011;Kaefer et al, 2014). More recently, the selfcontrolled learning effect has been tested in continuous tasks requiring the closed-loop control processes (e.g., Marques and Correa, 2016;Couvillion et al, 2019). Results suggest that SC over outcome-based feedback still significantly affects the learning of such tasks, even though they require online information processing for execution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the practical significance of such tasks and the distinct nature of information processing required for successful performance, it is important to examine the relationship between SC effects and continuous, online information processing. Couvillion et al (2019) examined this relationship in a tracing task using a protocol based on Carter and Ste-Marie's (2017a) experiment. Two pairs of SC and YK groups learned to trace a star-shaped pattern either with or without an additional cognitive load (i.e., a number identification task) imposed during acquisition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Loading During and After Continuous Task Execution Alters the Effects of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results

Woodard

Fairbrother

2020

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

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Previous research has repeatedly demonstrated that providing learners with self-control (SC) over their feedback schedules enhances motor skill learning. Increased information processing under SC conditions has been shown to contribute to these benefits. However, the timing of critical information processing for SC participants during the acquisition of continuous tasks is unknown. The present study was designed to enhance clarity related to this issue. Participants learned a continuous tracing task under SC or yoked (YK) conditions. Groups of participants also completed a secondary cognitive load task either during or after the execution of each primary task trial. Results showed enhanced learning for SC compared to YK participants who did not complete the cognitive load task. However, this benefit was eliminated for SC participants who completed the cognitive load task either during or after the primary task. These findings suggest that effective information processing both during and after continuous task execution is critical for reaping the benefits of self-controlled practice. Further interpretations and implications of these findings as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Cognitive load and economic decision making of smallholder farmers in China: an experimental study

Lei

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Curr Psychol

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Increased cognitive load during acquisition of a continuous task eliminates the learning effects of self-controlled knowledge of results

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Meta-Analytic Findings in the Self-Controlled Motor Learning Literature: Underpowered, Biased, and Lacking Evidential Value

Meta-Analytic Findings in the Self-Controlled Motor Learning Literature: Underpowered, Biased, and Lacking Evidential Value

Cognitive Loading During and After Continuous Task Execution Alters the Effects of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results

Cognitive load and economic decision making of smallholder farmers in China: an experimental study

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