Increased CO2 evolution caused by heat treatment in wood-decaying fungi

Carlsson, Fredrik; Jonsson, Bengt Gunnar

doi:10.1007/s11557-017-1281-5

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…With wood as the only carbon source, carbon mineralization rate can be considered as an indicator of wood degradation. The first increase of carbon mineralization rate followed by a plateau was already observed in fungal cultures with 18 white or brown rot species isolated from forest softwoods with different microclimatic preferences ( Carlsson et al, 2017 ). The authors suggested that fungi first grow exponentially while colonizing the whole substrate, and then reach a substrate-species equilibrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Thus, a longer equilibrium phase suggests a better fungal growth on this substrate. Moreover, the speed of colonization phase and the maximal mineralization rate are specific to fungal species, and can be related to different fungal colonization strategies ( Boddy and Heilmann-Clausen, 2008 ; Carlsson et al, 2017 ). Here should be noticed that respiration might not only result from wood degradation but also from fungal storage compounds metabolization or self-recycling processes ( Hiscox et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood degradation by Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer: Physiologic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches

et al. 2022

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Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is one of the main fungal species found in grapevine wood rot, also called “amadou,” one of the most typical symptoms of grapevine trunk disease Esca. This fungus is functionally classified as a white-rot, able to degrade all wood structure polymers, i.e., hemicelluloses, cellulose, and the most recalcitrant component, lignin. Specific enzymes are secreted by the fungus to degrade those components, namely carbohydrate active enzymes for hemicelluloses and cellulose, which can be highly specific for given polysaccharide, and peroxidases, which enable white-rot to degrade lignin, with specificities relating to lignin composition as well. Furthermore, besides polymers, a highly diverse set of metabolites often associated with antifungal activities is found in wood, this set differing among the various wood species. Wood decayers possess the ability to detoxify these specific extractives and this ability could reflect the adaptation of these fungi to their specific environment. The aim of this study is to better understand the molecular mechanisms used by Fmed to degrade wood structure, and in particular its potential adaptation to grapevine wood. To do so, Fmed was cultivated on sawdust from different origins: grapevine, beech, and spruce. Carbon mineralization rate, mass loss, wood structure polymers contents, targeted metabolites (extractives) and secreted proteins were measured. We used the well-known white-rot model Trametes versicolor for comparison. Whereas no significant degradation was observed with spruce, a higher mass loss was measured on Fmed grapevine culture compared to beech culture. Moreover, on both substrates, a simultaneous degradation pattern was demonstrated, and proteomic analysis identified a relative overproduction of oxidoreductases involved in lignin and extractive degradation on grapevine cultures, and only few differences in carbohydrate active enzymes. These results could explain at least partially the adaptation of Fmed to grapevine wood structural composition compared to other wood species, and suggest that other biotic and abiotic factors should be considered to fully understand the potential adaptation of Fmed to its ecological niche. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036889.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood degradation by Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer: Physiologic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches

et al. 2022

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“…Prescribed burning increased the number of species and records on stumps (III, IV), but not on slash or old natural dead wood. Fire is known to affect wood quality in many ways and has an impact on fungal decay rates (Carlsson et al, 2017) as well as on the whole fungal assemblage (Carlsson et al, 2012). The first species that colonize a freshly cut stump could determine the succession of the following species (Ottosson et al, 2014), thus creating a different polypore assemblage on burned and unburned stumps.…”

Section: Burning Unharvested and Harvested Sites Diversifies Polyporementioning

confidence: 99%

Harvested and burned forests as habitats for polypore fungi

Suominen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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This thesis explores the effects of controlled burning and logging intensity on wood-decaying polypore fungi 10 years after the treatments. Intensive forest management, where most of the wood is removed from harvested sites, has resulted in many dead-wood-dependent species becoming Red-listed. The role that managed forests and novel, more biodiversity-oriented silviculture could play in safeguarding fungal diversity has remained largely unclear. This thesis is based on data sets collected from five years: 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008 and 2011 from the same study areas. A large-scale, replicated experiment was established on 24 forest sites that were exposed to logging and burning treatments. The data comprised 98,136 observations of dead wood pieces and 22,150 observations from a total of 122 polypore species. The main findings in this thesis were; 1) Retention tree levels need to be high in order to maintain polypore diversity. I observed more polypore species on sites with 50 m 3 ha-1 of retention trees than sites with 10 m 3 ha-1. The burning of retention harvested sites accelerates the death and fall of retention trees and diversifies the dead wood quality at a managed site. Red-listed species were found chiefly on the burned sites with the higher retention level. 2) Harvested sites comprise widely different types of dead wood substrates: old natural dead wood, stumps, slash and retention trees, and all these contribute to polypore diversity in managed forests. The response of polypore species to management can typically be seen only after a longer period of time. After a disturbance, such as logging or fire, these four different dead wood substrates are available for polypores over different periods of time. 3) Burning harvested and unharvested sites increases the number of polypore species and diversifies the polypore assemblages. Of the four dead wood types, burning specifically leads to an increase in the number of polypores on stumps. These results demonstrate new possibilities for the conservation of dead-wood-dependent species outside protected areas. Leaving retention trees, abstaining from the extraction of logging residuals and maintaining old naturally formed dead wood are beneficial for polypore species. Prescribed fire can be utilized as an effective method to modify dead wood dynamics and for the creation of more variable dead wood substrates on managed forest sites.

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“…They can grow in the absence of water and resist drought by forming spores and other structures, which have the most direct influence on the durability of biological materials [6,7]. It has been reported that saprophytic fungi are the main group that lead to the decay of natural biomaterials [8] and are able to grow and reproduce rapidly in a suitable environment. At the same time, saprophytic fungi produce a variety of enzymes that decompose cellulose and lignin, which accelerates the decay rate of S. psammophila sand barriers and plays an important role in material circulation and energy conversion in desert ecosystems [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay Process Characteristics and Fungal Community Composition of Salix psammophila Sand Barriers in an Arid Area, Northern China

et al. 2021

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With the increase in setting years in deserts, Salix psammophila sand barriers with different degrees of lodging damage caused by decay are losing wind-prevention and sand-fixation properties. In this study, we focus on the change in chemical properties of soils, and physical and mechanical properties of plants along different setting years; meanwhile, the change in fungal communities has been analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show that a change in physical and mechanical properties and the loss of primary chemical components led to the degradation of the protective properties of the barrier to different degrees. After five years of setting, the physical parameters of basic density and shrinkage rate decreased by 44.04% and 28.68%, respectively, and the loss of the modulus of rupture mechanical index declined by 62.72%. After seven years of setting, the mechanical indexes of the modulus of rupture decreased by 76.95%. Five and seven years represented important inflection points in the decay process. Sordariomycetes (53.75%) and Eurotiomycetes (19.78%) were the main fungal groups present during the decay of the sand barrier. The basic density, moisture content, cellulose, and lignin of the sand barrier were the main driving factors affecting the distribution of fungal communities. The mechanism on fungal community to the decay of sand barriers still needs further studies to keep the function of sand barriers in fragile desert ecosystems.

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Increased CO2 evolution caused by heat treatment in wood-decaying fungi

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Wood degradation by Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer: Physiologic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches

Wood degradation by Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fischer: Physiologic, metabolomic and proteomic approaches

Harvested and burned forests as habitats for polypore fungi

Decay Process Characteristics and Fungal Community Composition of Salix psammophila Sand Barriers in an Arid Area, Northern China

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