Increased circulating TGF-β1 is associated with impairment in NK cell effector functions in metastatic melanoma patients

Effect of secretory DKK3 on circulating CD56bright natural killer cells in patients with liver cancer

“…The cytotoxicity was affected by cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). 27,28 Our bioinformatic analysis also showed that DKK3 is a regulator for NK cell resting based on The Cancer Genome Atlas TCGA database. Both our clinical data and bioinformatic data indicated DKK3 could be used to upregulate the antitumor immune function of NK cells.…”

Gain‑of‑function of IDO in DCs inhibits T cell immunity by metabolically regulating surface molecules and cytokines

“…For example, DC-secreted IL-10 promoted Treg development, while IL-12 induced the differentiation of CD4 + T cells into Th1 cells ( 45 , 46 ). In addition, TGF-β played a negative role on the function of several cells, as was reported in the cancer patients associated with natural killer (NK) cell inhibition ( 47 ). In the present study, it was demonstrated that IDO in IDO kd DCs inhibited the secretion of IL-10 but promoted that of IL-12 in DCs, leading to the inhibition of naive T-cell differentiation toward Th1 cells and away from Tregs, suggesting that the absence of IDO impairs DC tolerance and consequently promotes T cell immunity.…”

Revealing profile of cancer-educated platelets and their factors to foster immunotherapy development

“…Importantly, when tumor cells enter the circulation, platelets may provide the mechanism to escape NK cell surveillance and increase the metastatic potential [ 30 ] by binding to tumor cells and subsequently translocating MHC class I to their surface. Moreover, platelets secrete TGF-β which downregulates the expression of NKG2D leading to reduction of NK cell cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production [ 33 , 62 ] ( Fig. 2 ).…”