Increased chalcone synthase (CHS) expression is associated with dicamba resistance in <scp><i>Kochia scoparia</i></scp>

Pettinga, Dean; Ou, Jiangtao; Patterson, Eric; Jugulam, Mithila; Westra, Philip; Gaines, Todd A.

doi:10.1002/ps.4778

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Previous research found that auxinic herbicide resistance in wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis ), false cleavers ( Galium spurium ), kochia ( Kochia scoparia ), and yellow starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) was not attributable to differences in herbicide absorption, translocation and/or metabolism and, by deduction, might be attributable to other mechanisms, such as altered target site. A different dicamba‐resistant K. scoparia population was found to have reduced dicamba translocation …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population

Figueiredo

Leibhart

Reicher

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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109

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Figueiredo, Marcelo R. A.; Leibhart, Lacy J.; Reicher, Zachary J.; Tranel, Patrick J.; Nissen, Scott J.; Westra, Philip; Bernards, Mark L.; Kruger, Greg R.; Gaines, Todd A.; and Jugulam, Mithila, "Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population" (2017 This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ps.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population

Figueiredo

Leibhart

Reicher

et al. 2018

Pest Management Science

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109

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“…This transport can be further regulated by the function of additional interacting proteins and by flavonoids, which modulate the activity of ABCB transporters (12). In two recent reports, reduced translocation of auxins has been shown to be associated with resistance (13,14). Furthermore, this reduction in auxin transport was recently associated with chalcone synthase up-regulation in the same kochia line used in this study (14).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 54%

Cross-resistance to dicamba, 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr in Kochia scoparia is endowed by a mutation in an AUX/IAA gene

LeClere

Westra

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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125

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The understanding and mitigation of the appearance of herbicide-resistant weeds have come to the forefront of study in the past decade, as the number of weed species that are resistant to one or more herbicide modes of action is on the increase. Historically, weed resistance to auxin herbicides has been rare, but examples, such as L. Schrad (kochia), have appeared, posing a challenge to conventional agricultural practices. Reports of dicamba-resistant kochia populations began in the early 1990s in areas where auxin herbicides were heavily utilized for weed control in corn and wheat cropping systems, and some biotypes are resistant to other auxin herbicides as well. We have further characterized the auxin responses of one previously reported dicamba-resistant biotype isolated from western Nebraska and found that it is additionally cross-resistant to other auxin herbicides, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fluroxypyr. We have utilized transcriptome sequencing and comparison to identify a 2-nt base change in this biotype, which results in a glycine to asparagine amino acid change within a highly conserved region of an AUX/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) protein, KsIAA16. Through yeast two-hybrid analysis, characterization of F2 segregation, and heterologous expression and characterization of the gene in , we show that that the single dominant resistance allele is the causal basis for dicamba resistance in this population. Furthermore, we report the development of a molecular marker to identify this allele in populations and facilitate inheritance studies. We also report that the resistance allele confers a fitness penalty in greenhouse studies.

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“…Although we found some effects on expression of genes of the flavonoid pathway, it is doubtful that inhibition of this pathway would result in phytotoxicity, especially since Böger reported that a compound ( R ‐metolachlor) that inhibits chalcone synthase is not phytotoxic. However, chalcone synthase has been reported to be involved in more than synthesis of t ‐chalcone, as upregulation of the chalcone synthase gene is associated with resistance to the herbicide dicamba, a benzoic acid analog herbicide . Nguyen et al reported t ‐chalcone to be a weak inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), with increasing activity upon hydroxylation of either or both rings of the molecule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, chalcone synthase has been reported to be involved in more than synthesis of t-chalcone, as upregulation of the chalcone synthase gene is associated with resistance to the herbicide dicamba, a benzoic acid analog herbicide. 55 Nguyen et al 56 reported t-chalcone to be a weak inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), with increasing activity upon hydroxylation of either or both rings of the molecule. PEPC from C 4 plants was more sensitive than that from C 3 plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome responses to the natural phytotoxin t‐chalcone in Arabidopsis thaliana L.

Díaz‐Tielas

Graña

Sánchez‐Moreiras

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND New modes of action are needed for herbicides. The flavonoid synthesis intermediate t‐chalcone causes apoptosis‐like symptoms in roots and bleaching of shoots of Arabidospsis, suggesting a unique mode of action as a phytotoxin. RESULTS Using RNA‐Seq, transcriptome changes were monitored in Arabidopsis seedlings during the first 24 h of exposure (at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) to 21 μm t‐chalcone (I50 dose), examining effects on roots and shoots separately. Expression of 892 and 1000 genes was affected in roots and shoots, respectively. According to biological classification, many of the affected genes were transcription factors and genes associated with oxidative stress, heat shock proteins, xenobiotic detoxification, ABA and auxin biosynthesis, and primary metabolic processess. These are secondary effects found with most phytotoxins. Potent phytotoxins usually act by inhibiting enzymes of primary metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis of transcriptome results from the first 3 h of t‐chalcone exposure indicated several potential primary metabolism target sites for t‐chalcone. Of these, p‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and tyrosine amino transferase were consistent with the bleaching effect of the phytotoxin. Supplementation studies with Lemna paucicostata and Arabidiopsis supported HPPD as the target, although in vitro enzyme inhibition was not found. CONCLUSIONS t‐Chalcone is possibly a protoxin that is converted to a HPPD inhibitor in vivo. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Increased chalcone synthase (CHS) expression is associated with dicamba resistance in Kochia scoparia

Cited by 40 publications

References 62 publications

Metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population

Metabolism of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid contributes to resistance in a common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population

Cross-resistance to dicamba, 2,4-D, and fluroxypyr in Kochia scoparia is endowed by a mutation in an AUX/IAA gene

Transcriptome responses to the natural phytotoxin t‐chalcone in Arabidopsis thaliana L.

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