Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Helicobacter Pylori Antibody in Alzheimer’s Disease

Kountouras, Jannis; Boziki, Marina; Gavalas, Emmanuel; Zavos, Christos; Deretzi, Georgia; Grigoriadis, Nikolaos; Tsolaki, Magda; Chatzopoulos, Dimitrios; Katsinelos, Panagiotis; Tzilves, Dimitrios; Zabouri, Athina; Michailidou, Ifigenia

doi:10.1080/00207450902782083

Cited by 100 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Other viri including influenza PR8 virus may gain entry via nasal and/or oral portals, promote CNS neuroinflammation, and cause widespread neuronal dysfunction, including those of the NTS. Similar to HSV1, hepatitis, HIV, West Nile virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Borrelia burgdorferi (to name just a few), are capable of causing CNS pathology [299], as are other bacteria [70]. Injection of pseudorabies virus in the rat genioglossus produced viral labeling in neurons of the hypoglossal and the NTS nuclei [300].…”

Section: Invading Pathogens Cause Nts Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, about 40% of persons over 60 years of age are known to have Helicobacter pylori, which causes peptic ulcers by damaging the mucous coating of the stomach and duodenum. Increased cerebrospinal fluid H. pylori antibody has been documented in Alzheimer's disease [70]. Many elderly take anti-inflammatory medication which is known to erode the lining of the gut.…”

Section: Infection and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dysfunctional Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Its Crucial Role in Promoting Neuropathogentic Cascade of Alzheimer’s Dementia—A Novel Hypothesis

Daulatzai

2012

Neurochem Res

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The pathophysiological mechanism(s) underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) still remain unclear, and no disease-modifying or prophylactic therapies are currently available. Unraveling the fundamental neuropathogenesis of AD is an important challenge. Several studies on AD have suggested lesions in a number of CNS areas including the basal forebrain, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdale/insula, and the locus coeruleus. However, plausible unifying studies on the upstream factors that involve these heterogeneous regions and herald the onset of AD pathogenesis are not available. The current article presents a novel nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) vector hypothesis that underpins several disparate biological mechanisms and neural circuits, and identifies relevant hallmarks of major presumptive causative factor(s) linked to the NTS, in older/aging individuals. Aging, obesity, infection, sleep apnea, smoking, neuropsychological states, and hypothermia-all activate inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. The synergistic impact of systemic proinflammatory mediators activates microglia and promotes neuroinflammation. Acutely, the innate immune response is protective defending against pathogens/toxins; however, when chronic, it causes neuroinflammation and neuronal dysfunction, particularly in brainstem and neocortex. The NTS in the brainstem is an essential multiple signaling hub, and an extremely important central integration site of baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, and a multitude of sensory afferents from gustatory, gastrointestinal, cardiac, pulmonary, and upper airway systems. Owing to persistent neuroinflammation, the dysfunctional NTS exerts deleterious impact on nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, hypoglossal, parabrachial, locus coeruleus and many key nuclei in the brainstem, and the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, insula, and basal forebrain in the neocortex. The neuronal and synaptic dysfunction emanating from the inflamed NTS may affect its interconnected pathways impacting almost the entire CNS--which is already primed by neuroinflammation, thus promoting cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The upstream factors discussed here may underpin the neuropathopgenesis of AD. AD pathology is multifactorial; the current perspective underscores the value of attenuating disparate upstream factors--in conjunction with anticholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and anti-oxidant pharmacotherapy. Amelioration of the NTS pathology may be of central importance in countering the neuropathological cascade of AD. The NTS, therefore, may be a potential target of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Invading Pathogens Cause Nts Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Infection and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Its Crucial Role in Promoting Neuropathogentic Cascade of Alzheimer’s Dementia—A Novel Hypothesis

Daulatzai

2012

Neurochem Res

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“…H. pylori eradication may positively influence AD manifestations, and H. pylori-specific IgG anti-body levels are significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Its concentration in cerebrospinal fluid might reflect the AD severity, thereby supporting a role for this common infection in the pathobiology of the disease [30][31][32][33] . In this respect, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption could play an important role in promoting the entry of immune cell infiltration and pathogens into the brain resulting in the development of brain pathologies [28] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Bacteria in the Trabeculum and Iris of Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

et al. 2011

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Purpose: To investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) pathophysiology by detecting its presence in eye biopsies of POAG patients during trabeculectomy. Patients and Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients who underwent trabeculectomy for POAG not responsive to antiglaucoma therapy, and 35 consecutive anemic controls were examined for H. pylori presence mainly by gastric mucosa histology. In POAG patients, eye biopsies were also obtained and stained for H. pylori presence in situ. Results: Forty-three of 51 (84.3%) POAG patients and 17 of 35 (48.6%) controls were tested H. pylori positive (p = 0.0004). In 5 H. pylori-positive POAG patients, H. pylori bacteria were identified in the trabeculum and iris specimens. Conclusion: For the first time, H. pylori bacteria have been detected histologically in eye biopsies of POAG patients.

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“…On the other hand, other intracellular bacterial infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamyda, Helicobacter etc.) have been found in AD patients and could be present in those patients who are negative for Borrelia infections [111][112][113]. It has been proposed that chronic infections may be important cofactors in AD and contribute to the pathogenic process [113].…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

Nicolson

Settineri

Ellithorpe³

2014

FFHD

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Background: Many chronic diseases and illnesses are associated with one or more chronic infections, dysfunction of mitochondria and reduced production of ATP. This results in fatigue and other symptoms that occur in most if not all chronic conditions and diseases.Methods: This is a review of the published literature on chronic infections in neurodegenerative diseases and fatiguing illnesses that are also typified by mitochondrial dysfunction. This contribution also reviews the use of natural supplements to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce the effects of chronic infections to improve overall function in various chronic illnesses.Results: Mitochondrial function can be enhanced by the use of various natural supplements, notably Lipid Replacement Therapy (LRT) using glyerolphospholipids and other mitochondrial supplements. In various chronic illnesses that are characterized by the presence of chronic infections, such as intracellular bacteria (Mycoplasma, Borrelia, Chlamydia and other infections) and viruses, LRT has proven useful in multiple clinical trials. For example, in clinical studies on chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome and other chronic fatiguing illnesses where a large majority of patients have chronic infections, LRT significantly reduced fatigue by 35-43% in different clinical trials and increased mitochondrial function. In clinical trials on patients with multiple intracellular bacterial infections and intractable fatigue LRT plus other mitochondrial supplements significantly decreased fatigue and improved mood and cognition.Conclusions: LRT formulations designed to improve mitochondrial function appear to be useful as non-toxic dietary supplements for reducing fatigue and restoring mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions in patients with chronic illnesses and multiple chronic infections. BackgroundPatients with chronic neurodegenerative, neurobehavioral and fatiguing illnesses commonly test positive for systemic and central nervous system (CNS) bacterial and viral infections [1][2][3]. In addition, other chronic illnesses where neurological manifestations are routinely found, such as autoimmune diseases and other chronic illnesses and disorders, also show evidence of systemic bacterial and viral infections that could be important in disease inception, progression and/or enhancing the types and severities of signs and symptoms [2,3].Evidence of bacterial infections, such as Mycoplasma species, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, and viruses, such as human herpesvirus (HHV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes viruses (HHV) and other viral infections, have revealed high rates of infection in the illnesses listed above that were not found in control populations [1][2][3]. Although the specific roles of chronic infections in various diseases and their pathogeneses have not been carefully determined, the data suggest that chronic bacterial and/or viral infections are common features of essentially all progressive chronic diseases [1][2][3].An...

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Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Helicobacter Pylori Antibody in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract: H. pylori-specific IgG antibody levels are significantly increased in CSF and serum of AD; its titer in CSF might reflect the AD severity, thereby supporting a role for this common infection in the pathobiology of the disease.

Cited by 100 publications

References 33 publications

Dysfunctional Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Its Crucial Role in Promoting Neuropathogentic Cascade of Alzheimer’s Dementia—A Novel Hypothesis

Dysfunctional Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: Its Crucial Role in Promoting Neuropathogentic Cascade of Alzheimer’s Dementia—A Novel Hypothesis

Histological Presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Bacteria in the Trabeculum and Iris of Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Neurodegenerative and Fatiguing Illnesses, Infections and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Use of Natural Supplements to Improve Mitochondrial Function.

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