Increased CCR5 and CXCR4 Expression in Ethiopians Living in Israel: Environmental and Constitutive Factors

Kalinkovich, Alexander; Borkow, Gadi; Weisman, Z.; Tsimanis, A. Yu.; Stein, Miguel; Bentwich, Zvi

doi:10.1006/clim.2001.5040

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…ϩ (80,125,128,173,268) and CD8 ϩ (128, 173, 268) T cells; (iii) a significant increase in the numbers of memory (CD45RO ϩ ) CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells (125,128,268), with a concomitant significant decrease in the proportion of naive (CD45RA ϩ ) CD4 ϩ cells (125,128,268); and (iv) a major decrease in the number of CD8 ϩ CD28 ϩ T cells (128,173,176,243,268). All these changes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets result in an impaired capacity to mount protective immune responses to the invading parasites, with a major impact on the host ability to respond immunologically (20,31,32,74,138,243).…”

Section: T-cell Subset Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Immune Activation Associated with Chronic Helminthic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: Role of Hyporesponsiveness and Anergy

2004

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Chronic immune activation is one of the hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is present also, with very similar characteristics, in very large human populations infested with helminthic infections. We have tried to review the studies addressing the changes in the immune profiles and responses of hosts infected with either one of these two chronic infections. Not surprisingly, several of the immune derangements and impairments seen in HIV infection, and considered by many to be the “specific” effects of HIV, can be found in helminth-infected but HIV-noninfected individuals and can thus be accounted for by the chronic immune activation itself. A less appreciated element in chronic immune activation is the immune suppression and anergy which it may generate. Both HIV and helminth infections represent this aspect in a very wide and illustrative way. Different degrees of anergy and immune hyporesponsiveness are present in these infections and probably have far-reaching effects on the ability of the host to cope with these and other infections. Furthermore, they may have important practical implications, especially with regard to protective vaccinations against AIDS, for populations chronically infected with helminths and therefore widely anergic. The current knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the generation of anergy by chronic immune activation is thoroughly reviewed

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Section: T-cell Subset Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Immune Activation Associated with Chronic Helminthic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: Role of Hyporesponsiveness and Anergy

2004

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“…The presence of chronic immune activation and a dominant Th2 immune response may increase the host susceptibility thereby promoting HIV infection and disease progression [12,13,14]. On the other hand, the progressing development of AIDS in HIV is a risk factor for the acquisition of other infective agents including parasites which are the proximate cause of death of AIDS patients [15,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Predisposing Factors to Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Fako Division of Cameroon

Nsagha

Njunda²,

Nguedia³

et al. 2017

AJEID

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Background: Understanding the epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infection is essential for the effective management of HIV infection in areas where intestinal parasites are also endemic. Data on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHWA) in Cameroon are sparse. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, as well as assess the predisposing factors for the infection in PLHWA in Fako Division of Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between April and July 2014. Stool specimen were collected from consented participants and examined for ova, cysts, larvae or oocytes using the Kato-Katz, Formalin-Ether Concentration, Modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Modified field staining techniques. Statistical analysis performed included the Chi-square test and logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: At the end of the study, 300 participants were enrolled, the majority being females 236 (78.6%). The participants were between 21-70 years (mean±SD = 40±10) of age. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 82.6% (95% CI: 78.4 -87.0). The prevalence of infection was associated with age, being more prevalent in the age group 51-60 years (p=0.032). Intestinal protozoa were more prevalent than intestinal helminthes (74.3% vs 11.3%). The parasites isolated included: Cryptosporidium parvum (44.0%), Blastocystis hominis (25.0%), Microsporidium spp. (21.0%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.3%), Ascaris lumbricoïdes (4.3%), Isospora belli (4.3%), Trichuris trichiura (2.3%), hookworm (2.7%), Hymenolepis nana (1.3%), Strongyloïdes stercoralis (0.7%), Cyclospora cayetatensis (3.7%) and Giardia lamblia (3.3%). The predisposing factors for infection with intestinal parasites included poor educational background (OR=0.33, p=0.02), unskilled worker (OR=0.27, p=0.04), well as a source of drinking water (OR=2.6, p=0.03), and living with cats as pets (OR=3.06, p=0.01). Conclusion: A very high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was observed in PLHWA. Major predisposing factors for intestinal parasites infection included primary level of education, ownership of cats as pets, wells as source of drinking water and having a blue collar job. Routine screening for intestinal parasites should be instituted as part of HIV care in Fako division of Cameroon to improve on the management of HIV. HIV, protozoa, helminthes, prevalence, predisposing factors, Fako Division, cameroon Keywords: BackgroundIntestinal parasites are highly endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa [1], a region which is currently experiencing the highest burden of HIV/AIDS [1]. With the overlap in the distribution of both diseases, co-infection with one or more intestinal parasites and HIV is therefore common in the region [2]. The incidence of Intestinal parasitic infections is approximately 50% in developed countries whereas it reaches up to 95% in developing countries [2]. Cameroon is among the Sub-Saharan African countries...

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“…The baseline concentrations of the sCCR5 were below the sensitivity of our ELISA system. Densitometric analysis of sCCR5 present in human plasma and the membrane-bound CCR5 expressed on the surface of Jurkat cells indicated that the amount of sCCR5 in plasma of sCCR5-positives was higher or comparable with the total amount of membrane-bound CCR5 on human lymphocytes [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble chemokine CCR5 receptor is present in human plasma

Kalinkovich

Bentwich

2005

Immunology Letters

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Increased CCR5 and CXCR4 Expression in Ethiopians Living in Israel: Environmental and Constitutive Factors

Cited by 59 publications

References 62 publications

Chronic Immune Activation Associated with Chronic Helminthic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: Role of Hyporesponsiveness and Anergy

Chronic Immune Activation Associated with Chronic Helminthic and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: Role of Hyporesponsiveness and Anergy

Prevalence and Predisposing Factors to Intestinal Parasitic Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Fako Division of Cameroon

Soluble chemokine CCR5 receptor is present in human plasma

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