Increased cardio-respiratory coupling evoked by slow deep breathing can persist in normal humans

Dick, Thomas E.; Mims, Joseph R.; Hsieh, Yee Hsee; Morris, Kendall F.; Wehrwein, Erica A.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.09.013

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Increased RSA during breathing at low frequency, and especially at frequencies around 0.1 Hz, is in accordance with established knowledge about cardiorespiratory coupling and the resonance properties of the cardiovascular system (Dick, Mims, Hsieh, Morris, & Wehrwein, ; Grossman & Taylor, ; Song & Lehrer, ). We hypothesized that enhanced oscillations in the cardiovascular system may be one of the physiological mechanisms that mediate between breathing at 0.1 Hz and changes in affective state.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

Szulczewski

Rynkiewicz

2018

Psychophysiology

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The present study aimed to investigate changes induced by breathing at 0.1 Hz in affective state, cardiovascular activity, and adequacy of ventilation as well as the relation between changes in peripheral physiological processes and alteration of affect. Eighty-three participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Two groups doing paced breathing at 0.1 Hz, one with and the other without a cover story hiding the goal of the experiment, and, as a control, paced breathing at 0.28 Hz. We measured the effects of breathing at 0.1 Hz on affective state (unpleasant and pleasant arousals), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), sympathetic control of the heart (preejection period, PEP), and adequacy of ventilation as measured by partial pressure of end-tidal CO (PetCO ). The use of a cover story did not influence the effects of paced breathing on the study outcomes. In the 0.1 Hz groups, unpleasant arousal decreased only among men. Changes in RSA were not related to changes in affect. Respiratory frequency did not influence PEP. However, changes in PEP were inversely related to changes in pleasant arousal. PetCO decreased in all conditions, and a larger drop in PetCO predicted a greater decrease in unpleasant arousal. The results obtained corroborate previous findings showing that slow paced breathing may lead to moderate hyperventilation among untrained participants and suggest that hyperventilation during breathing at 0.1 Hz is not deep enough to produce an increase in affective arousal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

Szulczewski

Rynkiewicz

2018

Psychophysiology

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“…Repeated practice of Prāṇāyāma was shown to strengthen cardio-respiratory coupling;[28] increases in the parasympathetic activity in healthy individuals;[29] and reduction in BP and enhancement in baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive patients. [30] There is a class II-A, level of evidence B recommendation for BP lowering efficacy conferred on slow breathing.…”

Section: Effects Of Individual Prāṇāyāma (Breathing Technique)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of various Prāṇāyāma on cardiovascular and autonomic variables

2016

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Cardiovascular functions are controlled by neural factors, temperature, hormones, etc., Of these, neural factors primarily concern the autonomic nervous system, which plays a major role in maintaining and regulating cardiac functions, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate. Prāṇāyāma is one of the most important yogic practices. There are various review articles on Yoga and its effects but, though Prāṇāyāma is a part of yoga, there is lack of review articles. To the best of our knowledge there is no known review article on effect of various Prāṇāyāma on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. To provide a general overview about the effect of various prāṇāyāma (breathing techniques) on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. A narrative review was performed based on the available scientific literature. An electronic data search was performed in Medline/PubMed database to review relevant articles, using keywords such as “Prāṇāyāma, Yogic breathing techniques, Unilateral nostril breathing, Alternate nostril breathing, Kapalbhati, Bhastrika and Bhramari Pranayama”. All the relevant articles published from 1988 to 06-04-2016 were included in this review. Slow type of yogic breathing technique was reported to produce beneficial effect on cardiovascular and autonomic variables while fast breathing techniques do not produce such effects. There is lack of consistency in the results of specific nostril yogic breathing techniques and the mechanisms behind the effects of various prāṇāyāma. This review suggests that different types of Prāṇāyāma techniques produce different effects and the mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood.

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“…The modulatory activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the heart causes instantaneous heart rate ( f H ) oscillations on a beat-to-beat basis, the so-called heart rate variability (HRV). The respiratory and cardiovascular systems are coupled, reflecting a reciprocal interaction between the autonomic nervous system and respiratory control 1 – 3 . In mammals, within a respiratory cycle, f H increases rapidly during inspiration then slows down during the expiratory phase, a cardiorespiratory-coupled phenomenon that is mediated by inspiratory inhibition of vagal tone on the heart 4 , 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the respiratory component of heart rate variability in the Cururu toad Rhinella schneideri

Zena

Leite

Longhini

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Beat-to-beat variation in heart rate (f H) has been used as a tool for elucidating the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart. A portion of the temporal changes in f H is evidenced by a respiratory influence (cardiorespiratory interaction) on heart rate variability (HRV) with heartbeats increasing and decreasing within a respiratory cycle. Nevertheless, little is known about respiratory effects on HRV in lower vertebrates. By using frequency domain analysis, we provide the first evidence of a ventilatory component in HRV similar to mammalian respiratory sinus arrhythmia in an amphibian, the toad Rhinella schneideri. Increases in the heartbeats arose synchronously with each lung inflation cycle, an intermittent breathing pattern comprised of a series of successive lung inflations. A well-marked peak in the HRV signal matching lung inflation cycle was verified in toads whenever lung inflation cycles exhibit a regular rhythm. The cardiac beat-to-beat variation evoked at the moment of lung inflation accounts for both vagal and sympathetic influences. This cardiorespiratory interaction may arise from interactions between central and peripheral feedback mechanisms governing cardiorespiratory control and may underlie important cardiorespiratory adjustments for gas exchange improvement especially under extreme conditions like low oxygen availability.

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Increased cardio-respiratory coupling evoked by slow deep breathing can persist in normal humans

Cited by 56 publications

References 83 publications

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

The effects of breathing at a frequency of 0.1 Hz on affective state, the cardiovascular system, and adequacy of ventilation

Effects of various Prāṇāyāma on cardiovascular and autonomic variables

Analysis of the respiratory component of heart rate variability in the Cururu toad Rhinella schneideri

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