Increased breast cancer mortality due to treatment delay and needle biopsy type: a retrospective analysis of SEER-medicare

Abstract

Background Substantial evidence indicates that delay of first treatment after diagnosis is associated with poorer survival outcomes in breast cancer. Accordingly, the Commission on Cancer introduced a quality measure for receipt of therapeutic surgery within 60 days of diagnostic biopsy for stage I–III breast cancer patients in the non-neoadjuvant setting. It is unknown, however, what may contribute to mortality associated with treatment delay. Therefore, we investigated whether biopsy type moderates the effect of the mortality risk posed by treatment delay. Methods Retrospective analysis of 31,306 women with stage I–III breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2013 selected from the SEER-Medicare database was performed to determine whether needle biopsy type [core needle biopsy (CNB) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB)] impacts time to treatment (TTT)-associated survival outcomes. Multivariable Fine-Gray competing risk survival models, adjusted for inverse propensity score weights, were used to determine the association between biopsy type, TTT, and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM). Results TTT ≥ 60 days was associated with 45% higher risk of BCSM (sHR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.24–1.69) compared to those with TTT < 60 days in stage I–III cases. Independent of TTT, CNB was associated with 28% higher risk of BCSM compared to VAB in stage II–III cases (sHR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.36), translating to a 2.7% and 4.0% absolute difference in BCSM at 5 and 10 years, respectively. However, in stage I cases, the BCSM risk was not associated with type of biopsy. Conclusions Our results suggest that treatment delay ≥ 60 days is independently associated with poorer survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. In stage II–III, CNB is associated with higher BCSM than VAB. However, type of biopsy does not underlie TTT-associated breast cancer mortality risk.

Fragmentation of Care in Breast Cancer: Greater than the Sum of its Parts

“…While our study showed FC to be independently associated with both treatment delay and improved survival, treatment delay in itself was associated with increased risk of mortality. This nding aligns with previous studies which have established the negative impact on survival in patients with breast cancer experiencing delayed treatment [4][5][6][7]26]. Similar to our results on FC, time to treatment, and survival, a retrospective analysis by Rhodin et al [16] found FC to be associated with delay in surgical intervention after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients; however, survival was preserved [16].…”

“…While there have been vast improvements in diagnostic evaluation and treatment measures resulting in improved outcomes for breast cancer patients over past decades [1,2], numerous studies have associated treatment delays with disease progression [3] and worse oncologic outcomes in patients with breast cancer [4][5][6][7][8]. As of 2024, the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) has instituted quality measures to address time to treatment in patients with breast cancer.…”