“…Smooth, turned (TU) titanium, nanoporous TiO 2 coated (SG), and anodized Ca 2+ modified (OC) surfaces have all been shown to be suitable not only for osseointegration but also for soft tissue healing [92,219]. Titanium surfaces modified with ion implantation (Ca+, N+, and F+), oxidation (anode oxidation, titanium spraying), ion plating (TiN, alumina), and ion beam mixing (Ag, Sn, Zn, and Pt) with Ar+ were compared to polished titanium.…”