Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude

Gore, Christopher J.; Hahn, Allan G.; Scroop, G. C.; Watson, Dougal B.; Norton, Kevin; Wood, R. J.; Campbell, Douglas; Emonson, D. L.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.80.6.2204

Cited by 127 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…Since Stanescu et al [1] did not measure blood gases in their experiments, however, we determined Pa O 2 , Pa CO 2 , and pH during control and ujjai respiration at a frequency of once per minute to account for lower chemosensitivity to CO 2 in the professional yogi. It has hitherto been reported that blood gases do not change much with physical exercise under a moderate workload, but average arterial pH decreased to 7.24 and Pa O 2 decreased to 68.3 torr at exhaustion during maximal exercise in the trained cyclists [14]. In the present study, the average values (ϮSD) of Pa O 2 , Pa CO 2 , Sa O 2 , and pH of 3 samplings during control breathing were 95.0 (Ϯ2.4) torr, 40.0 (Ϯ1.1) torr, 97.0 (Ϯ0.25)%, and 7.393 (Ϯ0.008), respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Is Man Able to Breathe Once a Minute for an Hour?: The Effect of Yoga Respiration on Blood Gases.

Miyamura

Nishimura²,

Ishida³

et al. 2002

JJP

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mentioning

confidence: 80%

Is Man Able to Breathe Once a Minute for an Hour?: The Effect of Yoga Respiration on Blood Gases.

Miyamura

Nishimura²,

Ishida³

et al. 2002

JJP

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“…In particular, the maximal aerobic workload (Ẇ max ) that can be sustained during exercise involving large muscle groups (e.g., cycling) is considerably lower in hypoxia compared with normoxia. The difference between these two environmental conditions increases progressively with the reduction in oxygen inspiratory pressure (PI O 2 ) (36) and is affected by subjects' fitness so that subjects with elevated maximal aerobic capacity are more affected by hypoxia (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral perturbations during exercise in hypoxia

Vergès

Rupp

Jubeau

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Reduction of aerobic exercise performance observed under hypoxic conditions is mainly attributed to altered muscle metabolism due to impaired O 2 delivery. It has been recently proposed that hypoxia-induced cerebral perturbations may also contribute to exercise performance limitation. A significant reduction in cerebral oxygenation during whole body exercise has been reported in hypoxia compared with normoxia, while changes in cerebral perfusion may depend on the brain region, the level of arterial oxygenation and hyperventilation induced alterations in arterial CO 2. With the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation, inconsistent changes in cortical excitability have been reported in hypoxia, whereas a greater impairment in maximal voluntary activation following a fatiguing exercise has been suggested when arterial O 2 content is reduced. Electromyographic recordings during exercise showed an accelerated rise in central motor drive in hypoxia, probably to compensate for greater muscle contractile fatigue. This accelerated development of muscle fatigue in moderate hypoxia may be responsible for increased inhibitory afferent signals to the central nervous system leading to impaired central drive. In severe hypoxia (arterial O 2 saturation Ͻ70 -75%), cerebral hypoxia per se may become an important contributor to impaired performance and reduced motor drive during prolonged exercise. This review examines the effects of acute and chronic reduction in arterial O 2 (and CO2) on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygenation, neuronal function, and central drive to the muscles. Direct and indirect influences of arterial deoxygenation on central command are separated. Methodological concerns as well as future research avenues are also considered. cerebral perfusion; cerebral oxygenation; cortex excitability; central motor command; endurance WITH THE EXCEPTION of very short or static exercises performed at a high percentage of maximal power (15,19,83), hypoxia deteriorates exercise performance (7, 82). In particular, the maximal aerobic workload (Ẇ max ) that can be sustained during exercise involving large muscle groups (e.g., cycling) is considerably lower in hypoxia compared with normoxia. The difference between these two environmental conditions increases progressively with the reduction in oxygen inspiratory pressure (PI O 2 ) (36) and is affected by subjects' fitness so that subjects with elevated maximal aerobic capacity are more affected by hypoxia (41).The origin of exercise performance limitation in hypoxia is still under debate, since the consequences of reduced blood O 2 affect the whole organism. This limitation has been attributed to a lowered O 2 partial pressure in arterial blood (Pa O 2 ) reducing arterial O 2 content and O 2 delivery to tissues with critical consequences on muscle metabolism and contraction (1, 46). Magnetic nerve stimulation has confirmed the effects of reduced arterial oxygenation on dynamic (12, 111) and static (54) exercise-induced alterations in muscle contractility. Reduced muscle O...

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“…In fact, if any difference were to be expected, it would be the opposite. A review of the literature shows that highly trained (elite) individuals are more likely to show lower levels of Sao 2 , compared to untrained controls (Nielsen, 2003), and even at altitudes as low as 580 m endurance-trained athletes have been found to have increased desaturations at maximal exercise (Gore et al, 1996).…”

Section: Submaximal Saomentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Effects Determine Submaximal Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Peruvian Quechua

Kiyamu

León‐Velarde

Rivera-Chira

et al. 2015

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Kiyamu, Melisa, Fabiola León-Velarde, María Rivera-Chira, Gianpietro Elías, and Tom D. Brutsaert. Developmental effects determine submaximal arterial oxygen saturation in Peruvian Quechua. High Alt Med Biol 16:138-146, 2015.-Andean high altitude natives show higher arterial oxygen saturation (Sao 2 ) during exercise in hypoxia, compared to acclimatized sojourners. In order to evaluate the effects of life-long exposure to high altitude on Sao 2 , we studied two groups of well-matched, self-identified Peruvian Quechua natives who differed in their developmental exposure to hypoxia before and after a 2-month training period. Male and female volunteers (18-35 years) were recruited in Lima, Peru (150 m). The two groups were: a) Individuals who were born and raised at sea-level (BSL, n = 34) and b) Individuals who were born and raised at high altitude (BHA, n = 32), but who migrated to sea-level as adults ( > 16 years old). Exercise testing was conducted using a submaximal exercise protocol in normobaric hypoxia in Lima (BP = 750 mmHg, Fio 2 = 0.12), in order to measure Sao 2 (%), ventilation (VE L/min) and oxygen consumption (Vo 2 , L/min). Repeated-measures AN-OVA, controlling for VE/VO 2 (L/min) and sex during the submaximal protocol showed that BHA maintained higher Sao 2 (%) compared to BSL at all workloads before ( p = 0.005) and after training ( p = 0.017). As expected, both groups showed a decrease in Sao 2 (%) (p < 0.001), as workload increased. Resting Sao 2 levels were not found to be different between groups. The results suggest that developmental exposure to altitude contributes to the maintenance of higher Sao 2 levels during submaximal exercise at hypoxia.

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Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Is Man Able to Breathe Once a Minute for an Hour?: The Effect of Yoga Respiration on Blood Gases.

Is Man Able to Breathe Once a Minute for an Hour?: The Effect of Yoga Respiration on Blood Gases.

Cerebral perturbations during exercise in hypoxia

Developmental Effects Determine Submaximal Arterial Oxygen Saturation in Peruvian Quechua

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