Increased Anticancer Activity of Organic Kimchi with Starters Demonstrated in HT-29 Cancer Cells

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of kimchi made with organic ingredients and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starters (Leuconostoc mesenteroides + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) on HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Four types of kimchi (standard kimchi (SK), commercial kimchi (CK), anticancer kimchi (AK), and organic anticancer kimchi (OAK)) were evaluated. The results show that, among the different types of kimchi studied, OAK presents high DPPH free-radical scavenging activity and total phenol and flavonoid contents, and the MTT assay shows that the growth inhibition rate against HT-29 cancer cells is the highest. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results show that, compared to SK and CK, AK and OAK can effectively down-regulate the mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulate the mRNA expression of the cell cycle arrest genes p21 and p53; pro-apoptotic genes Bim, Bak, and Bad; and genes for caspases 3 9. Subsequently, a Western blot test confirmed that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased and the expressions of p53, Bax, and caspases 3 and 9 increased in OAK. The abovementioned results indicate that the anticancer kimchi prepared with organic ingredients and starters of lactic acid bacteria effectively present the best antioxidant activity and inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Anticancer Effects in HT-29 Cells and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Mouse Splenocytes of Broccoli Cultivated with Deep Sea Water Minerals in Organic Farming

“…A Wallac Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter (Perkin-Elmer, Wellesley, MA, USA) was used to detect absorbance at 765 nm. The standard curve was created with gallic acid as the reference (standard concentration was 0.03125-1 mg/mL), and it was used to quantify the TP content of broccoli [25].…”

“…Then, dispense 20 µL of 1 N NaOH with vortexing and heat the block for 1 h at 37 • C. The absorbance at 420 nm was measured using a Wallac Victor3 1420 Multilabel Counter. The flavonoid content was determined using the standard calibration curve generated by drawing the standard curve with Quercetin (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) as the reference (standard concentration is 0-1280 µg/mL) [25].…”

“…After blocking, the PVDF membrane was washed three times with PBST and once with PBS, and the primary antibody was reacted overnight at 4 • C. The PVDF membrane was then washed three times with PBST and once with PBS, and the secondary antibody was reacted for 2 h at room temperature. For caspases 3, caspase 9, and α-tubulin, Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA) primary antibodies were used, and the bands of the proteins were detected using an Amersham Imager 680 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA) [25].…”

Fermented Vegetables: Health Benefits, Defects, and Current Technological Solutions

“…Studies have shown that fermented cruciferous vegetables have an anti-cancer effect, possibly related to the anti-cancer value of cruciferous vegetables being preserved after pickling based on in vitro experiments. A series of studies proved that kimchi could inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 colon cancer cells [ 94 , 95 ]. Studies showed that fermented mustard leaf does not affect normal colon myofibroblast CCD-18Co cells but can terminate the proliferation of HCT116 cancer cell lines and lead to large-scale cell apoptosis.…”

The Suppressive Effect of Novel Hydrazones‐Tethered Imidazoles in HCT‐116 and HT‐29 Colorectal Cancer Cells: Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Modeling Studies

“…Researchers have utilized HT-29 cells to examine the effects of manipulating Bcl-2 expression or activity on the behaviour and treatment response of colorectal cancer cells. Studies [36,37] have demonstrated that downregulating or inhibiting Bcl-2 in HT-29 cells can lead to enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability. This suggests that targeting Bcl-2 can sensitize HT-29 cells to apoptosis and potentially improve treatment outcomes.…”