Increased antibiotic resistance exhibited by the biofilm of Vibrio cholerae O139

Gupta, Preeti; Mankere, Bharti; Keloth, Shami Chekkoora; Tuteja, Urmil; Pandey, P. N.; Chelvam, Kulanthaivel Thava

doi:10.1093/jac/dky127

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Here also results suggest that the ripe seed extract is more effective as biofilm eradication agent as they could show significant higher percentage of eradication of preformed biofilm ( P <0.05) at all the concentrations than unripe seed extract. MBEC of vancomycin against S. aureus is > 256 µg/mL [ 87 ] and that for doxycycline is 32 µg/mL against V. cholerae [ 89 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts

Guchhait

Manna

Barai

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background Antibiotic resistances of pathogens and breast cancer warrant the search for new alternative strategies. Phytoextracts can eradicate microbe-borne diseases as well as cancer with lower side effects compared to conventional antibiotics. Aim Unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts were explored as potential antibiofilm and anticancer agents in combating multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria as well as anticancer agents against the MDR breast cancer cell lines. Methods Shed-dried neem seeds (both unripe and ripe) were pulverized and extracted using methanol. The chemical components were identified with FTIR and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Antibiofilm activity of neem seed extracts were assessed in terms of minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and fluorescence microscopic studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae. Bacterial cells were studied by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide as the staining agents. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were evaluated to observe the antibacterial activities. Cytotoxicity of the extracts against human blood lymphocytes and the anticancer activity against drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) studies. Results 4-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, phthalic acid, and 2-hexyl-tetrahydro thiophane were the major compounds in unripe neem seed, whereas 3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4-H-pyran-4-one and 4-ethylbenzamide were predominant in ripe neem seed. Triazine derivatives were also common for both the extracts. MBIC values of unripe and ripe neem seed extracts for S. aureus are 75 and 100 µg/mL, respectively, and for V. cholerae, they are 100 and 300 µg/mL, respectively. MBEC values of unripe and ripe seed extracts are 500 and 300 µg/mL, respectively for S. aureus and for V. cholerae the values are 700 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Fluorescence microscopic studies at 16 and 24 h, after bacterial culture, demonstrate enhanced antibiofilm activity for the ripe seed extract than that of the unripe seeds for both the bacteria. MTT assay reveals lower cytotoxicity of both the extracts towards normal blood lymphocytes, and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) with superior activity of ripe seed extract. FACS studies further supported higher anticancer activity for ripe seed extract. Conclusions Methanolic extract of neem seeds could substantially inhibit and eradicate biofilm along with their potent antibacterial and anticancer activities. Both the extracts showed higher antibiofilm and antibacterial activity against S. aureus (gram-positive) than V. cholerae (gram-negative). Moreover, ripe seed extract showed higher antibiofilm and anticancer activity than unripe extracts. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MIC and MBC values of vancomycin against S. aureus are 1.0 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively [ 87 ]. Whereas, MIC and MBC values of doxycycline against V. cholerae are 0.25 and 2 µg/mL respectively [ 89 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts

Guchhait

Manna

Barai

et al. 2022

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Since it has reported that bio lm can protect bacterial cells from antibiotic pressure, we intend to see if resveratrol can increase the bactericidal activity of polymyxin B against the cells with established bio lm [30][31] . In this experiment, bio lm was cultivated with the isolate PA2, which has the highest bio lm formation capability, and bio lm in uence on the sensitivity of this isolate to polymyxin B was measured by comparing the growth of bacteria with or without established bio lm.…”

Section: Resveratrol Increases Bactericidal Activity Of Polymyxin B A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Improves The Antimicrobial Properties Of Polymyxin B Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Duan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Resveratrol has been reported to have synergistic effect with different antibiotics against various kinds of bacteria species. In this study, we investigated if resveratrol can increase the antimicrobial efficacy of polymyxin B against multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.7 different MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from clinical specimen were tested with broth microdilution method to determine their sensitivity to polymyxin B and resveratrol respectively. Checkerboard analysis was performed to analyze the biological interaction between resveratrol and polymyxin B. Time-kill assays were carried out to monitor the bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. And the biofilm-forming bacteria were selected for biofilm formation analysis.Results: Though resveratrol showed no intrinsic bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC >512μg/ml for all isolates), it could effectively increase the sensitivity of those isolates to polymyxin B, with the MIC of polymyxin B reduced by 4-8 fold with 64μg/ml resveratrol. The synergistic effect between resveratrol and polymyxin B on bactericidal activity was also observed with all tested isolates (FICI <0.5). Biofilm formation assay showed that resveratrol in combination with polymyxin B significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P <0.01). With established biofilm, the sensitivity of the tested isolate to polymyxin B was sharply reduced, leading to high concentration polymyxin B resistance (MIC >32μg/ml). The bactericidal activity of polymyxin B against those cells protected by established biofilm could still be promoted by resveratrol (P <0.01).Conclusions: Resveratrol was able to improve the antimicrobial properties of polymyxin B from various aspects, it may be an ideal partner for the combination therapy of polymyxin B against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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“…cholerae expresses several survival strategies to adapt to acidic and oxidative conditions. Aggregation (or suspended biofilms) and biofilm formation have been reported to physically protect V. cholerae from acid stress (Zhu and Mekalanos, 2003) due to the strong protection given by the biofilm matrix that protects V. cholerae from various stressors, including antibiotics and ROS (Mankere et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018). Another mechanism providing resistance to low pH is the activation of the acid tolerance response (ATR).…”

Section: Low Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Protozoan Predation on the Pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae

et al. 2020

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In the aquatic environment, Vibrio spp. interact with many living organisms that can serve as a replication niche, including heterotrophic protists, or protozoa. Protozoa engulf bacteria and package them into phagosomes where the cells are exposed to low pH, antimicrobial peptides, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, proteolytic enzymes, and low concentrations of essential metal ions such as iron. However, some bacteria can resist these digestive processes. For example, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio harveyi can resist intracellular digestion. In order to survive intracellularly, bacteria have acquired and/or developed specific factors that help them to resist the unfavorable conditions encountered inside of the phagosomes. Many of these intra-phagosomal factors used to kill and digest bacteria are highly conserved between eukaryotic cells and thus are also expressed by the innate immune system in the gastrointestinal tract as the first line of defense against bacterial pathogens. Since pathogenic bacteria have been shown to be hypervirulent after they have passed through protozoa, the resistance to digestion by protist hosts in their natural environment plays a key role in enhancing the infectious potential of pathogenic Vibrio spp. This review will investigate the current knowledge in interactions of bacteria with protozoa and human host to better understand the mechanisms used by both protozoa and human hosts to kill bacteria and the bacterial response to them.

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Increased antibiotic resistance exhibited by the biofilm of Vibrio cholerae O139

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts

Antibiofilm and anticancer activities of unripe and ripe Azadirachta indica (neem) seed extracts

Resveratrol Improves The Antimicrobial Properties Of Polymyxin B Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

The Impact of Protozoan Predation on the Pathogenicity of Vibrio cholerae

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