Increased Anaplerosis, TCA Cycling, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Liver of Dairy Cows with Intensive Body Fat Mobilization during Early Lactation

Schäff, C.T.; Börner, S.; Hacke, Sandra; Kautzsch, Ulrike; Albrecht, Dirk; Hammon, H.M.; Röntgen, Monika; Kuhla, Björn

doi:10.1021/pr300732n

Cited by 46 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The liver is the most metabolically active organ that metabolizes NEFA in cows, and the oxidative metabolism of NEFA in the liver of NEB cows may be important for providing enough energy to restore a positive energy balance [21,22]. However, excessive concentrations of NEFA cannot be fully oxidized by the liver and could result in the development of fatty liver and ketosis [1,23]. Therefore, NEB is an important pathological basis for energy metabolism disorders in dairy cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, cows start to mobilize their body reserves from adipose tissue, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) [1]. Thus, an elevated plasma NEFA concentration is a useful indicator of NEB in postpartum dairy cattle, and the liver is the most important organ for removing excess NEFA from the bloodstream and its oxidation by mitochondrial b-oxidation to produce energy [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-esterified fatty acids promote expression and secretion of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro

et al. 2014

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An elevated plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration is an important indicator of negative energy balance, which is often associated with metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and ketosis. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a hepatokine that plays important roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the direct effects of high concentrations of NEFA on ANGPTL4 expression and secretion in hepatocytes from cows are not entirely clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different NEFA concentrations on ANGPTL4 expression and secretion in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro. NEFA was added to the culture solution at final concentrations of 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mmol/L. After 24 h of continuous culture, ANGPTL4 mRNA and protein expression levels in the hepatocytes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. ANGPTL4 secretion in the supernatant was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed similar levels of ANGPTL4 expression and secretion following treatment with 0.6 and 1.2 mmol/L NEFA, which were higher than those observed for the controls (P < 0.05). ANGPTL4 expression and secretion were also similar at 1.8 and 2.4 mmol/L NEFA and significantly higher than those observed for controls (P < 0.01). These data suggest that high concentrations of NEFA significantly promote ANGPTL4 expression and secretion in bovine hepatocytes. In particular, this promotion occurs in a dose-dependent manner and may be involved in the pathological processes of energy metabolism disorders of dairy cows in the peripartum period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-esterified fatty acids promote expression and secretion of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro

et al. 2014

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“…Recently, studies have indicated that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism [18]. Increased plasma TG content and hepatic lipogenesis were observed when AMPKα was deleted in mice, but plasma TG content was decreased when AMPKα was overexpressed in the liver [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Calf Hepatocytes Culturedin Vitro

Liu

Zhang

Long

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: NEFA plays numerous roles in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and proteins. A number of experimental studies have shown that NEFA may have an important role in fatty acid metabolism in the liver, especially in dairy cows that experience negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation. Methods: In this study, using fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and primary hepatocytes cultured in vitro, we examined the effect of NEFA (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mmol/L) on fatty acid metabolism by monitoring the mRNA and protein expression of the following key enzymes: long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT IA), long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of ACSL and ACADL markedly increased as the concentration of NEFA in the media was increased. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CPT IA were enhanced significantly when the NEFA concentrations increased from 0 to 1.6 mmol/L and decreased significantly when the NEFA concentrations increased from 1.6 to 3.2 mmol/L. The mRNA and protein expression of ACC decreased gradually with increasing concentrations of NEFA. Conclusion: These findings indicate that increased NEFA significantly promote the activation and β-oxidation of fatty acids, but very high NEFA concentrations may inhibit the translocation of fatty acids into mitochondria of hepatocytes. This may explain the development of ketosis or liver lipidosis in dairy cows. CPT IA might be the key control enzyme of the fatty acid oxidation process in hepatocytes.

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“…In this context it is interesting to note that L MAX grouping of cows (n = 16) and re-analysis of data obtained under normal housing conditions (Schäff et al, 2012, Börner et al, 2013) also reveal differences between <L MAX and >L MAX groups. Compared with cows of the >L MAX group, cows of the <L MAX group had lower blood insulin levels during weeks −5 to −2 ap and showed constantly lower DMI and ECM during weeks 2 to 5 of lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…To further test the possibility that L MAX could predict different phenotypes we used data obtained from other subprojects of the joint research project (Schäff et al, 2012, Börner et al, 2013 during weeks − 5 to −2 (ap) and weeks 2 to 5 (pp). Results of these data re-analysis (n = 16 cows) are given in Table 6 that summarizes parameters differing significantly between > L MAX and < L MAX cows.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Erdmann

Möhr

Derno

et al. 2018

Animal

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High performing dairy cows experience distinct metabolic stress during periods of negative energy balance. Subclinical disorders of the cow's energy metabolism facilitate failure of adaptational responses resulting in health problems and reduced performance. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) with its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches plays a predominant role in adaption to inadequate energy and/or fuel availability and mediation of the stress response. Therefore, we hypothesize that indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that reflect ANS activity and sympatho-vagal balance could be early markers of metabolic stress, and possibly useful to predict cows with compromised regulatory capacity. In this study we analysed the autonomic regulation and stress level of 10 pregnant dried-off German Holstein cows before, during and after a 10-h fasting period by using a wide range of HRV parameters. In addition heat production (HP), energy balance, feed intake, rumen fermentative activity, physical activity, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cortisol and total ghrelin plasma concentrations, and body temperature (BT) were measured. In all cows fasting induced immediate regulatory adjustments including increased lipolysis (84%) and total ghrelin levels (179%), reduction of HP (−16%), standing time (−38%) and heart rate (−15%). However, by analysing frequency domain parameters of HRV (high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components, ratio LF/HF) cows could be retrospectively assigned to groups reacting to food removal with increased or decreased activity of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. Regression analysis reveals that under control conditions (feeding ad libitum) group differences were best predicted by the nonlinear domain HRV component Maxline (L MAX , R 2 = 0.76, threshold; TS = 258). Compared with cows having L MAX values above TS (> L MAX : 348 ±17), those with L MAX values below TS ( L MAX cows (18.5 ± 0.4 and 47.3 kg/day). From the present study, it seems conceivable that L MAX can be used as a predictive marker to discover alterations in central autonomic regulation that might precede metabolic disturbances.

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Increased Anaplerosis, TCA Cycling, and Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Liver of Dairy Cows with Intensive Body Fat Mobilization during Early Lactation

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Non-esterified fatty acids promote expression and secretion of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro

Non-esterified fatty acids promote expression and secretion of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro

Effect of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes in Calf Hepatocytes Culturedin Vitro

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

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