Increased acylated plasma ghrelin, but improved lipid profiles 24-h after consumption of carob pulp preparation rich in dietary fibre and polyphenols

Abstract

We have recently shown that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L; carob fibre) decreased postprandial acylated ghrelin, TAG and NEFA during an acute liquid meal challenge test. However, delayed effects of carob fibre consumption are unknown. Therefore, a randomized controlled crossover study in nineteen healthy volunteers consuming foods with or without 50 g carob fibre was conducted. On the subsequent day (day 2), glucose, TAG, total and acylated ghrelin as well as insulin, NEFA and leptin were assessed at baseline and at timed intervals for 300 min after ingestion of standardized bread. Consumption of carob fibre-enriched foods did not affect fasting concentrations of glucose, TAG, total ghrelin, NEFA, insulin and leptin. Fasting acylated ghrelin was increased on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption compared with control (P¼0·046). After consumption of the standard bread on day 2, glucose response (P¼ 0·029) was increased, and TAG (P¼0·033) and NEFA (P,0·001) responses were decreased compared with control. Postprandial responses of total and acylated ghrelin, insulin and leptin on day 2 were unaffected by carob fibre consumption the previous day. In conclusion, an increase in total and acylated plasma ghrelin accompanied by enhanced lipid metabolism after carob fibre consumption suggests higher lipid utilization and suppressed lipolysis on the day subsequent to carob fibre consumption. However, elevated glucose levels after carob fibre consumption need to be addressed in future studies.Carob: Insoluble dietary fibre: Polyphenols: Glucose: Insulin: Ghrelin Epidemiological studies clearly show that a high intake of insoluble fibre is associated with a low risk for CVD and diabetes 1 -3 . Beneficial effects of insoluble dietary fibre are also discussed in the context of consumption of whole grain, containing further bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants or vitamins. As another potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of dietary fibre, fermentation processes in the colon are discussed resulting in the production of SCFA 4,5 . Polyphenols have been shown to reduce food intake, to lower leptin concentrations 6 and to promote fat oxidation in rats 7 . Recently, we showed that the consumption of a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (Ceratonia siliqua L; carob fibre) acutely decreased postprandial TAG and NEFA concentrations, while increasing fat oxidation during a liquid meal challenge test 8 . Elevated circulating TAG and NEFA play a key role in the development of insulin resistance 9 . Impaired whole body insulin resistance is characterized by a lowered ability of skeletal muscle to oxidize fatty acids 9 . Therefore, functional foods lowering circulating NEFA by increasing fat oxidation might be of interest for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.Obesity is the result of a positive energy balance. Among peripheral hormones regulating energy balance, the orexigenic ghrelin and the ano...

The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre

“…However, in this context, it is remarkable and surprising that it is mainly the consumption of insoluble cereal dietary fibre and whole grains (and not soluble fibre) that associate consistently with a reduced risk for the development of T2D in large prospective cohort studies [ 15 , 42 , 43 ]. Other effects of dietary fibre that may also have an impact on overall metabolic health include the release of various gut hormones [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], adipokines [ 50 ], bile acids [ 51 ] and the metabolic signatures of amino acids [ 52 ]. Based on the current scientific evidence from prospectively designed and controlled studies, dietary fibre does appear to associate with improvements in insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic status.…”

Subchronic treatment with grape-seed phenolics inhibits ghrelin production despite a short-term stimulation of ghrelin secretion produced by bitter-sensing flavanols

“…There is little information regarding the effects of the GSPE phenolic compounds on ghrelin secretion. Gruendel et al found decreased postprandial ghrelin in humans after the administration of a standardized meal enriched with a carob extract, and increased plasma levels 24 hour (h) later [19,20]. This carob extract was rich in insoluble fiber, but also contained 2.8% phenolic compounds, the majority of them being GA, gallotannins, and flavonol glycosides.…”

Medicinal Plants from Jordan in the Treatment of Diabetes: Traditional Uses vs.In VitroandIn VivoEvaluations – Part 2

“…It also tended to decrease their insulinemic response and insulinemic index [114]. Increases total and acylated plasma ghrelin accompanied by enhanced lipid metabolism, thus suggesting higher lipid utilization and suppressed lipolysis, without affecting fasting concentrations of glucose, TAG, total ghrelin, NEFA, insulin, and leptin [115] 10 Graminae Avena sativa L.…”