Increased activity of the antioxidants systems modulate the oxidative stress in saliva of toddlers with early childhood caries

Abstract

Oxidative stress levels were significantly lower in saliva of S-ECC children, what might be associated with the increased activity of salivary enzymatic (SOD) and non-enzymatic (uric acid) antioxidant systems.

Early Childhood Caries: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prevention

“…Saliva flow rate, antimicrobial properties, the buffering capacity, and clearance of foods from the oral cavity are factors that are important in reducing the development of caries (62). Feeding of high sugar containing food at night may increase the caries risk for infants and toddlers due to the low salivary flow rate (63). Studies have shown the presence of enamel hypoplastic defects with prenatal conditions such as premature birth and low birth weight, as well as with malnutrition and illness (64, 65).…”

Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

“…In this sense, it is known that saliva of children with S-ECC [12] and saliva of children with caries [13] contain higher protein concentration as compared to saliva of caries-free children. Oxidative stress biomarkers can be found at detectable concentrations in saliva because they are stable in this fluid, so that the levels of these biomarkers in saliva reflect specific oxidation pathways associated with caries and periodontitis (apud [14]).…”

“…Studies have reported a positive correlation between salivary protein concentration and salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) [12,20,21]. Furthermore, saliva of children with S-ECC presents reduced concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as compared to saliva of caries-free children and of adults (aged 17-50 years) with active carious lesions [12,22].…”

“…Studies have reported a positive correlation between salivary protein concentration and salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) [12,20,21]. Furthermore, saliva of children with S-ECC presents reduced concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as compared to saliva of caries-free children and of adults (aged 17-50 years) with active carious lesions [12,22]. Contrarily, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and uric acid (UA) levels are significantly higher in saliva of children with S-ECC as compared to saliva of caries-free children [12], suggesting that reduced oxidative damage in saliva of patients with carious lesions could result from increased enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant system activity.…”

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of Saliva in Caries Active and Caries free Tribal School Going Children of Wardha District.

“…Results of studies on TAC Tulunoglu et al [9] Total antioxidant values were higher in caries active groups Uberos et al [13] Total antioxidant capacity of the saliva of patients with caries in deciduous teeth was greater than among those without caries Prabhakar et al [14] Total antioxidant capacity of saliva increased significantly in caries active children Hegde et al [15] Total antioxidant capacity of saliva increased in children with caries Preethi et al [10] Total antioxidant capacity of saliva increased in caries active children Kumar et al [16] TAC of saliva increased in children with Severe early childhood caries and increasing prevalence of dental caries predisposes to the increase in TAC of saliva Dodwad et al [1] Total antioxidant capacity of saliva increased significantly in cariesactive children when compared to caries-free children Hegde et al1 [7] TAC level increases with increase in severity of caries Ahmadi-Motamayel et al [18] TAC was significantly higher in the saliva of caries active group relative to the caries free subjects Mahjoub et al1 [9] TAC levels and salivary total protein increased in children with severe early childhood caries compared with caries-free children Pandey et al [20] Total antioxidants in saliva increased with caries activity Muchandi et al [21] Salivary TAC increases in patients with early childhood caries Silva et al [22] Salivary Total Antioxidant capacity was higher in children with early childhood caries as compared to caries free children …”