Increase of T3 secreted through the milk in protein restricted lactating rats

Passos, M. C. F.; Ramos, Cristiane F.; Mouço, T.; Moura, Egberto Gaspar de

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(01)00294-9

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, energy-restricted mothers had no change in thyroid radioiodine uptake and lower serum TSH, T 4 and T 3 concentrations. In the protein-restricted mothers, this could be of adaptive relevance, since these animals secreted more T 3 in the milk for their progeny (10). In contrast, in the present study we observed a completely different pattern of thyroid dysfunction, with higher thyroid radioiodine uptake, higher serum T 3 concentration and lower serum TSH differing from both the protein-and energy-restricted diet.…”

Section: Control Diet Groupcontrasting

confidence: 76%

“…Some investigators have shown that the nutritional status of the mother during the gestational and lactational periods is essential to normal growth and development in humans (6)(7)(8) and in experimental animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently shown that proteinrestricted lactating dams present a loss of body weight gain (12), alterations in milk composition (11) and an important adaptive change in thyroid function by increasing the transfer of iodine and T 3 through the milk to their pups, probably preventing an eventual neonatal hypothyroidism (9,10,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation

Brito

Ramos

Passos

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The percent of lipids in the western diet has been continuously increasing in the last decades and is associated with a decrease in the proportion of protein intake. Recently, we demonstrated that protein malnutrition during lactation is associated with lower body weight and thyroid hypofunction in female rats and their offspring. Our objective in the present study was to determine if a high-fat and lowprotein diet was associated with similar changes. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups with 8 animals each: high-fat and low-protein (40% lipid, 5% protein, and 55% carbohydrate of the total energy content) from the 3rd week of gestation to the end of lactation; control group -standard diet (11% lipid, 23% protein, and 66% carbohydrate of the total energy content). Food consumption and body weight were monitored daily. Serum thyrotropin and thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassay at the end of lactation. Animals receiving high-fat and low-protein diet had a significantly lower body weight (13.9% at weaning, P < 0.05) and serum albumin (25%, P < 0.05) and thyrotropin (26.2%, P < 0.01) concentrations, and a higher serum triiodothyronine concentration (74%, P < 0.005) and 131 I-thyroid uptake (77%, P < 0.005). These data show that a high-fat and low-protein diet can promote maternal thyroid hyperfunction that differs from the thyroid hypofunction observed in dams fed a lowprotein diet, a phenomenon that can be of adaptive importance for pup nurturing.

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Section: Control Diet Groupcontrasting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation

Brito

Ramos

Passos

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…In addition, it also indicates a different physiological response between genotypes. Interestingly, investigations in caloric restricted rats fed low protein diets show an increase in plasma T3 hormone concentration above controls (Glass et al, 1978;Sawaya and Lunn, 1985;Ramos et al, 2000;Passos et al, 2001) which is not explained by enhanced conversion of T4 to T3 nor by the maximum binding capacity of T3 in the liver or binding affinity with receptors (Smallridge et al, 1982). In cattle, there is no information about the effect of a low or high protein diet during energy restriction on the concentration of thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Endochondral Ossification During Nutritional Restriction Andmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies with other species have also demonstrated that the balance between these two nutrients play a role in controlling some endocrine parameters such as the somatotropic axis and thyroid hormones (Clemmons and Underwood, 1991;Ramos et al, 2000;Passos et al, 2001). …”

Section: Protein and Energy Balance In Ruminant Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Silva¹

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Variation in nutrition leads to periods of restricted and accelerated changes in the liveweight of cattle, but less is known about the effect of level of nutrition and/or specific nutrients on skeletal growth. The endochondral ossification process at the epiphyseal growth plate drives longitudinal bone growth and by inference sets growth in skeletal muscle via a passive stretch mechanism. The physiological and morphological mechanism behind animal growth that drives adaptation of mammals during the transition from a low to high plane of nutrition remains a major biological question. Two experiments examined the effect of protein and energy on skeletal growth the perspective of the dimensional changes, trabecular bone remodelling (histology and bone biomarkers) and hormone. Data was then collated from these and other experiments conducted within this laboratory to develop a growth curve in liveweight-for-hip height of well-fed cattle and to identify deviations from this "normal" growth relationship.In the first experiment (Chapter 4), the effects of low and high crude protein (CP) content diets during metabolizable energy (ME) restriction on subsequent re-alimentation in Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle were evaluated. Three treatment diets were applied; a control diet (High CP-High ME) and two restricted pair-fed ME intake diets differing in CP content (Low CP-Low ME and High CP-Low ME) for 93 days followed by re-alimentation of all treatment groups offered ad libitum access to the High CP-High ME diet for 103 days. In the second experiment (Chapter 5), a 2 x 5 factorial design was used to determine the effect of supplementation (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 g protein meal/kg LW.day) of a low CP hay during the first dry season (169 days) and weaning weight [Early (118 kg) vs. Normal (183 kg)] on longterm (~2 years) growth in liveweight and the skeleton and reproduction of replacement heifers in northern Australia. After the first dry season all treatment groups were subjected to the same level of nutrition by grazing the same pasture together.Across both experiments, higher plane of nutrition increased liveweight gain and skeletal elongation growth. Increases in ME and CP intake in cattle were positively associated with the height of proliferative and hypertrophic zones as well as with the diameter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes measured in growth plate biopsies of the tuber coxae. In addition, the diameter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes showed significant correlation with the broader measure of hip height gain in both experiments. Plasma bone-specific alkaline iii phosphatase and pyridinoline appeared to be effective bone biomarkers of formation and resorption in growing cattle respectively. Low ME intake severely reduced the plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration in cattle, independent of CP intake. Cattle with the higher CP intake during ME restriction had higher concentration of triiodothyronine in the plasma and this was correlated with larger terminal hypertrophic chondroc...

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Neonatal Programming of Body Weight Regulation and Energetic Metabolism

Moura

Passos

2005

Bioscience Reports

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Programming is an epigenetic phenomena by which nutritional, hormonal, physical psychological and other stressful events acting in a critical period of life, such as gestation and lactation, modifies in a prolonged way certain physiological functions. This process was preserved by natural selection as an important adaptive tool for survival of organisms living in nutritional impaired areas. So, malnutrition during gestation and lactation turns on different genes that provide the organism with a thrifty phenotype. In the case of an abundant supply of nutrients after this period, those organisms that were adapted to a low metabolic waste and higher energy utilization will be in a higher risk of developing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The kind of malnutrition, duration and intensity are important for the type of programming obtained. We discuss some of the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur in gestation or lactation, when malnutrition is applied to the mothers and their offspring. Some of these changes, such as an increase of maternal triiodothyronine (T(3)), leptin and glucocorticoids (GC) and decrease in prolactin are by itself potential programming factors. Most of these hormones can be transfer through the milk that has other important macronutrients composition changes in malnourished dams. We discuss the programming effects of some of these hormones upon body weight and composition, leptin, thyroid and adrenal functions, and their effects on liver, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and the consequences on thermogenesis.

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Increase of T3 secreted through the milk in protein restricted lactating rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation

Adaptive changes in thyroid function of female rats fed a high-fat and low-protein diet during gestation and lactation

Compensatory and catch-up growth in cattle

Neonatal Programming of Body Weight Regulation and Energetic Metabolism

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