Increase of nanodiamond crystal size by selective oxidation

Osswald, Sebastian; Havel, Mickaël; Mochalin, Vadym; Yushin, Gleb; Gogotsi, Yury

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.102

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nanocrystallite diamonds embed- ded in a matrix of amorphous carbon [13,14], while oxidation for 2 h removes mainly amorphous carbon and other non-diamond species. This observation is consistent with that reported by Pfeiffer et al [25,26,35,36]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

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High-temperature oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline diamond films

Wang

Sung

2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

“…7(a) and (b) shows that the intensities of v 1 and v 3 mode decrease with increasing the temperature as well as the soaking time. Also, an increase in the relative intensity of sp 3 as a result of the selective oxidation of non-diamond phase and grain boundary defects [26,35,36]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-temperature oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline diamond films

Wang

Sung

2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…this layer/fraction must be persistent during the oxidative etching process and cannot be removed from DNDs by air annealing. It was shown by Oswald et al 47. that this feature reduces its intensity by selective removal of the smallest DNDs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution

Stehlík

Varga

Ledinský

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with a typical size of 5 nm have attracted broad interest in science and technology. Further size reduction of DNDs would bring these nanoparticles to the molecular-size level and open new prospects for research and applications in various fields, ranging from quantum physics to biomedicine. Here we show a controllable size reduction of the DND mean size down to 1.4 nm without significant particle loss and with additional disintegration of DND core agglutinates by air annealing, leading to a significantly narrowed size distribution (±0.7 nm). This process is scalable to large quantities. Such molecular-sized DNDs keep their diamond structure and characteristic DND features as shown by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, STEM and EELS. The size of 1 nm is identified as a limit, below which the DNDs become amorphous.

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“…These unique characteristics also affect their Raman spectra. While for other carbon nanomaterials Raman spectroscopy is routinely used for analysis of the structure, ordering and dimensions; the presence of large amounts of non-diamond carbon, broad crystal size distributions, and numerous surface functional groups severely limit the potential of Raman spectroscopy for ND characterization due to poor understanding of their spectral features.We have developed a simple and environmentally-friendly route involving oxidation in air to selectively remove amorphous and sp 2 -bonded carbon from ND [2] and control the average crystal size of the powders [3]. The surface chemistry of the purified ND was controlled by subsequent treatments, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Chemistry and Crystal Size on Raman Spectra of Nanodiamond

2012

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Detonation nanodiamonds (ND) exhibit exceptional properties due to their small size, rich surface chemistry, and high surface to volume ratio compared to bulk diamonds [1]. These unique characteristics also affect their Raman spectra. While for other carbon nanomaterials Raman spectroscopy is routinely used for analysis of the structure, ordering and dimensions; the presence of large amounts of non-diamond carbon, broad crystal size distributions, and numerous surface functional groups severely limit the potential of Raman spectroscopy for ND characterization due to poor understanding of their spectral features.We have developed a simple and environmentally-friendly route involving oxidation in air to selectively remove amorphous and sp 2 -bonded carbon from ND [2] and control the average crystal size of the powders [3]. The surface chemistry of the purified ND was controlled by subsequent treatments, e.g. hydrogenation [4]. Using ND powders with different and well-defined surface chemistries, as well as in situ Raman measurements at elevated temperatures, we show that the broad asymmetric Raman peaks between 1500 and 1800 cm -1 present in all ND powders originate from O-H bending vibrations either from surface functional groups or adsorbed water with contributions (shoulders) coming from sp 2 carbon and C=O stretching vibrations [5].The Raman spectra of well-purified ND powders can also be used to study the confinement of optical phonons in nanocrystals with the less than 10 nm. The phonon confinement model (PCM) relates changes in the diamond Raman spectrum to the crystal size and can be used for size measurement at the nanoscale. However, crystal size distribution, lattice defects, and the energy dispersion of the phonon modes must be taken into consideration and incorporated into the PCM in order to obtain meaningful data [6].In summary we have shown that phonon wave vectors from small vibrational domains and surface functional groups (O-H) significantly contribute to the Raman spectrum of ND, giving rise to broad shoulder peaks at ~1250 cm -1 and ~1640 cm -1 , respectively, solving two of the major remaining mysteries in Raman spectroscopy of ND (Fig. 1).

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Increase of nanodiamond crystal size by selective oxidation

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

High-temperature oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline diamond films

High-temperature oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline diamond films

High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution

Effects of Surface Chemistry and Crystal Size on Raman Spectra of Nanodiamond

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