Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis

Borges, Paulo A. V.; Rigal, François; Ros‐Prieto, Alejandra; Cardoso, Pedro

doi:10.1111/icad.12431

Cited by 52 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…A similar phenomenon has been observed in islands, where invasive species can adopt the niches of declining native and endemic species (Borges et al . 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Further evidence for a global decline of the entomofauna

Sánchez‐Bayo

Wyckhuys

2020

Austral Entomology

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The Anthropocene is characterised by pervasive human‐inflicted impacts on a broad range of biota, including insects. In 2019, we reviewed scientific literature quantifying the prevalence and magnitude of insect declines in recent time. Here, drawing upon 40 additional long‐term studies, we add evidence that is consistent with our earlier review and some other reviews on the fate of insect populations globally. New data for Greenland, northern Africa, South America, eastern Asia and Australia complement studies from Europe and North America. Temporal trends in insect populations are now derived from 100 long‐term studies and refer mainly to the past three or four decades (median 33 years). Data from the 10 major insect taxonomic orders indicate that an average 37% of species are declining in numbers, while populations of 18% species are increasing; the latter taxa mainly involve agricultural herbivores and nuisance pests. Population changes are more pronounced among aquatic insect communities, where 42% of species are declining and 29% increasing. Such changes result in a decrease in biomass across taxa, except for Heteroptera. Changes in species richness and diversity indices are inconsistent and do not reflect intraspecific population changes over time. These trends are observed irrespective of taxon, geography or methodological approach, although a lack of long‐term monitoring records prevents a proper assessment for tropical regions.

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“…A similar phenomenon has been observed in islands, where invasive species can adopt the niches of declining native and endemic species (Borges et al . 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beta‐diversity increased markedly during the 6‐year study, mostly due to the increase in introduced species (Borges et al . 2020).…”

Section: Review Of Additional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for a global decline of the entomofauna

Sánchez‐Bayo

Wyckhuys

2020

Austral Entomology

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“…Oceania was also the region where invasive species were given higher weight. Islands are particularly prone to the effects of invasions due to their spatial and temporal isolation (Borges, Rigal, Ros-Prieto, & Cardoso, 2020), with native species often incapable of adapting to new competitor, predator, or parasite species. Invasive species were also depicted as being a relevant threat for ants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect threats and conservation through the lens of global experts

Miličić

Popov

Branco

et al. 2020

Preprint

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While many recent studies have focused on global insect population trends, all are limited either in space or taxonomic scope. Since global monitoring programs for insects are not implemented, biased data are therefore the norm. However, expert opinion is both valuable and widely available, and should be fully exploited when hard data are not available. Our aim is to use global expert opinion to provide insights on the root causes of potential insect declines worldwide, as well as on effective conservation strategies that could mitigate insect biodiversity loss. We obtained 753 responses from 413 respondents with a wide variety of expertise. The most relevant threats identified through the survey were agriculture and climate change, followed by pollution, while land management and land protection were recognized as the most significant conservation measures. Nevertheless, there were differences across regions and insect groups, reflecting the variability within the most diverse class of living organisms on our planet. Lack of answers for certain biogeographic regions or taxa also reflects the need for research, particularly in less investigated settings. Our results provide a first step towards understanding global threats and conservation measures for insects.

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“…The very different values of total abundance recorded in the various steppes or steppe sectors pose the problem of comparing SADs parameters obtained with samples of different size (Stier et al, 2016;Borges et al, 2020). To explore this problem, we applied two different procedures of rarefaction, using as alternative references the desert steppe (which was the less sampled ecosystem) and the smallest sample in each steppe separately (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Rarity Properties in Carabid Communities From Chinese Steppes With Different Climatic Conditions

et al. 2021

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Species abundance distributions (SADs) are increasingly used to investigate how species community structure changes in response to environmental variations. SAD models depict the relative abundance of species recorded in a community and express fundamental aspects of the community structure, namely patterns of commonness and rarity. However, the influence of differences in environmental conditions on SAD characteristics is still poorly understood. In this study we used SAD models of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in three grassland ecosystems (desert, typical, and meadow steppes) in China. These ecosystems are characterized by different aridity conditions, thus offering an opportunity to investigate how SADs are influenced by differences in environmental conditions (mainly aridity and vegetation cover, and hence productivity). We used various SAD models, including the meta-community zero sum multinomial (mZSM), the lognormal (PLN) and Fisher’s logseries (LS), and uni- and multimodal gambin models. Analyses were done at the level of steppe type (coarse scale) and for different sectors within the same steppe (fine scale). We found that the mZSM model provided, in general, the best fit at both analysis scales. Model parameters were influenced by the scale of analysis. Moreover, the LS was the best fit in desert steppe SAD. If abundances are rarefied to the smallest sample, results are similar to those without rarefaction, but differences in models estimates become more evident. Gambin unimodal provided the best fit with the lowest α-value observed in desert steppe and higher values in typical and meadow steppes, with results which were strongly affected by the scale of analysis and the use of rarefaction. Our results indicate that all investigated communities are adequately modeled by two similar distributions, the mZSM and the LS, at both scales of analyses. This indicates (1) that all communities are characterized by a relatively small number of species, most of which are rare, and (2) that the meta-communities at the large scale maintain the basic SAD shape of the local communities. The gambin multimodal models produced exaggerated α-values, which indicates that they overfit simple communities. Overall, Fisher’s α, mZSM θ, and gambin α-values were substantially lower in the desert steppe and higher in the typical and meadow steppes, which implies a decreasing influence of environmental harshness (aridity) from the desert steppe to the typical and meadow steppes.

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Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

Further evidence for a global decline of the entomofauna

Further evidence for a global decline of the entomofauna

Insect threats and conservation through the lens of global experts

Emergent Rarity Properties in Carabid Communities From Chinese Steppes With Different Climatic Conditions

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