Increase of haemoglobin levels by anti‐retroviral therapy is associated with a decrease in immune activation

Sarcletti, Mario; Quirchmair, Gisela; Weiss, Günter; Fuchs, Dietmar; Zangerle, Robert

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.02810.x

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…86 In addition, serum ferritin concentrations were associated with disease progression and immune activation in a study of HIV adult patients with advanced disease. 75 Elevated ferritin concentrations were strongly associated with immune activation at baseline, as indicated by high serum neopterin and soluble TNF-receptor concentrations. Following treatment with a combined antiretroviral therapy, a reduction in immune activation correlated with a reduction in serum ferritin concentrations.…”

Section: Serum Ferritin and Human Immunodeficiency Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…77 The diversion of iron from the circulation into the reticulo-endothelium system also results in a reduced availability of iron for erythroid progenitor cells and haem synthesis. 75 Because iron is needed for lymphocyte activation and proliferation, changes in iron status may depress the immune system in HIV by withholding iron, which is not true iron deficiency, hence altered immune function related to iron metabolism and not iron deficiency might be a special problem in patients with HIV. 78 …”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters did not change in those not receiving treatment, suggesting a cause -effect relationship between immune activation and anaemia in HIV. 75 Human immunodeficiency virus and iron loading Frequently, haemoglobin and serum iron concentrations decrease and ferritin concentrations increase with HIV progression. Ferritin concentrations negatively correlate with CD4 counts and are highest in individuals with AIDS.…”

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…76 Another study of HIV adults with advanced disease reported that sTfR concentrations were not correlated with disease progression (decline in CD4þ) or immune activation markers (neopterin concentrations and TNF-receptors). 75 However, during treatment with antiretroviral therapy, sTfR concentrations increased and independently predicted an increase in haemoglobin. The treatment with antiretroviral therapy decreased viral load; a change that probably caused a reduction in cytokine activity (TNF and INF-g) and an increase in erythropoiesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interpreting indicators of iron status during an acute phase response – lessons from malaria and human immunodeficiency virus

Northrop-Clewes

2008

Ann Clin Biochem

140

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Iron status is influenced by inflammation when the normal control of iron metabolism is reorganized by the primary mediators of the acute phase response, tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1. The objective of this review is to show how indices of iron status, particularly haemoglobin, serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations relate to changes in the acute phase proteins during inflammation. The pattern of acute phase response after elective surgery, not preceded by infection, is used to demonstrate the time course of stimulation of the acute phase proteins. The changes in the concentrations of serum acute phase protein and markers of iron status during treatment for infection are used to demonstrate inter-relationships between the indicators. In many developing countries, asymptomatic malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common and may affect the interpretation of iron indicators during population assessments. Malaria produces an acute phase response and relationships between acute phase protein and indices of iron status indicate an influence of inflammation in both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria, except when the parasitaemia is less than 1000/mL of blood when ferritin appears to be unaffected. HIV-1 impacts on haemopoiesis and anaemia. Anaemia increases in severity as the disease progresses and it is often a negative prognostic indicator. However, in individuals infected with HIV there may be an atypical acute phase response in the absence of opportunistic infections. Tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the inter-relationships between ferritin and the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein and a-1-acid glycoprotein during an acute phase response.

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Section: Serum Ferritin and Human Immunodeficiency Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interpreting indicators of iron status during an acute phase response – lessons from malaria and human immunodeficiency virus

Northrop-Clewes

2008

Ann Clin Biochem

140

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“…[49][50][51] Increased immune activation in HIV patients is associated with lower hemoglobin levels, 52 while ART treatment decreases immune activation and ameliorated the reduction of hemoglobin. 53 Additionally, vitamin B deficiency during HIV infection can contribute to anemia in HIV-positive patients, and ART normalizes serum vitamin B 12 levels. 53,54 Our current study focused on serum iron level rather than hemoglobin level as many factors in addition to serum iron regulate the production of red blood cells.…”

Section: Relationship Among Iron Hiv and Art 309mentioning

confidence: 99%