Increase in yield, leaf nutrient, and profitability of soybean co-inoculated with Bacillus strains and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract

Microorganisms in the soil and rhizosphere can release part of the total phosphorus in the soil through solubilization, mineralization, and an increase of the root absorption surface. The ability of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi to promote higher yield and profitability in co-inoculated soybean was investigated. For this purpose, field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in the years 2020 and 2021 in Brazil. In the field, the first factor was composed of microorganism application on soybean (simple inoculation with Bradyrhizobium; co-inoculation with Bacillus strains; co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza), and the second factor consisted of the application or not of phosphate fertilizer (0 and 100 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ). In the greenhouse, treatments of the first factor were maintained with 50 % of the phosphate fertilization and one treatment added (standard inoculation with 100 % of the fertilization). Plant growth, roots, nodules, leaf nutrition, yield, and profitability were evaluated. In 2020, co-inoculation increased plant height, the number of pods, grains, and profitability index. The co-inoculation with Bacillus strains and arbuscular mycorrhiza promoted yield increase only associated with phosphate fertilization, by 813 and 761 kg ha -1 compared to standard inoculation, respectively. In 2021, there were increases for pods, grains, yield, gross profit, net income, and profitability index. Co-inoculation with Bacillus strains and arbuscular mycorrhiza promoted increased soybean yield and profitability, confirming itself as a sustainable technology for Brazilian soybean fields.

Co‐inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium spp. and Amazonian strains of Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increases the productivity and profitability of the crop

“…These microorganisms provide additional benefits through processes such as BNF (Döbereiner, 1997), phosphate and potassium solubilization (Basak et al, 2020;Mahanta et al, 2014), and synthesis of siderophores (Yadav et al, 2020) and phytohormones (Fukami et al, 2018). Additionally, they can confer tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses through a broad range of mechanisms (Cui-Juan et al, 2020;Fukami et al, 2018; R. D. A. C. Leite et al, 2019; C. M. Oliveira et al, 2022;Rubin et al, 2017).…”

“…Other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas (Afzal et al., 2010; M. A. Silva, Nascente, Filippi, Lanna, Silva, & Silva, 2020), Burkholderia (M. A. Silva, Nascente, Filippi, Lanna, Silva, Fernandes, et al., 2020), Actinomyces (Nimnoi et al., 2014), Bacillus (Atieno et al., 2012; R. D. A. C. Leite et al., 2022; Subramanian et al., 2014), Trichoderma (Bononi et al., 2020; Buso et al., 2021), and mycorrhizal fungi (Cofré et al., 2020; Igiehon & Babalola, 2017) are recognized as growth promoters that benefit soybean plants. These microorganisms provide additional benefits through processes such as BNF (Döbereiner, 1997), phosphate and potassium solubilization (Basak et al., 2020; Mahanta et al., 2014), and synthesis of siderophores (Yadav et al., 2020) and phytohormones (Fukami et al., 2018).…”