Increase in weight of the submandibular salivary glands of rats following periodic amputation of the erupted portion of the incisor teeth

Wells, Herbert; Sj, Zackin; Goldhaber, Paul; Pl, Munson

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.4.827

Cited by 42 publications

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“…The significant increase when the submandibular gland weight was expressed in relation to body weight was more profound, and it was even more prominent at the later stages. This was mainly due to the fall in body weight in the rats wearing the orthodontic apparatus in contrast to the sublingual glands enlarged by this orthodontic apparatus or by an incisal bite plane , or due to periodic amputation of the lower incisor teeth (Abe et al, 1979;Wells et al, 1959;Perec et al, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bar = 10 yiln. periodic amputation of the lower incisor teeth (Abe et aLt 1979;Abe et al, 1983;Wells et aL, 1959;Perec et a, 1965), regardless of the different experimental methods. In addition, this orthodontic appliance caused the submandibular glands to secrete additional proteins similar to those reported in the glands enlarged by chronic administration of isoproterenol (Menaker et at, 1974), in the glands enlarged by periodic amputation of the lower incisor teeth (Abe et at, 1979), and in the glands enlarged by an incisal bite plane applied to the lower incisor teeth .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Upper Incisor Separation on the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of Rats

et al. 1988

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The effects of upper incisor separation on the submandibular and sublingual glands of rats were examined biochemically, immunohistologically, and radio-immunologically during 28 days of treatment. Lateral separation of the upper incisors by application of force from an orthodontic appliance caused significant enlargement of the sublingual and submandibular glands of rats by three and seven days, respectively, after the beginning of the orthodontic treatment. This enlargement was followed by a significant increase of both RNA and DNA content, with some evidence of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The enlargement was also associated with a significant increase of substance P at early stages after treatment, suggesting the involvement of the sensory nerves. These changes were largely inhibited by phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, but not by atropine or morphine. Wet weights and RNA contents of the sublingual glands were markedly reduced by atropine. In comparison with control animals, the enlarged submandibular glands of rats subjected to orthodontic treatment secreted additional proteins identical with those secreted by glands enlarged by chronic administration of isoproterenol. In addition, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine and phenoxybenzamine stimulated the synthesis of these abnormal proteins, but atropine and morphine did not. In contrast, protease activities in the convoluted granular tubule cells in the submandibular glands were increasingly reduced after treatment, as seen in rats subjected to chronic treatment with isoproterenol. However, the submandibular and sublingual glands completely recovered after removal of the orthodontic appliance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Upper Incisor Separation on the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of Rats

et al. 1988

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amputation of the lower incisor teeth of the rat leads to an enlargement of the submandibular salivary glands (WELLS et al 1959). Dibenamine (WELLS 1960), bretylium and reserpine (WELLS et al 1961) inhibit this response, which suggests that the sympathetic nervous system is involved. The hypertrophy produced by incisor amputation is also prevented by the extirpation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, but the action of isoprenaline is not (WELLS 1962).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Induced in Rats by Isoprenaline

Pohto¹,

Paasonen²

1964

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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SELYE, VEILLEUX & CANTIN (1961) observed that treatment of the rat with repeated sublethal doses of isoprenaline caused an excessive hypertrophy of the salivary glands. The reason for this enlargement was considered to be proliferation and hypertrophy of the parenchymal cells. This effect on the cell-size of the salivary glands of rats and mice is now well established (SELYE, CANTIN & VEILLEUX 1961 ; BROWN-GRANT 1961 ; SCHNEYER 1962). Accelerated morphological differentiation has also been shown in parotid and submaxillary glands of early postnatal rats (SCHNEYER & SHACKLEFORD 1963).Our work was mainly undertaken to study the effect of various adrenolytics on salivary gland hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline. Much of this paper deals with the dose-response relationship of this reaction. MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats of 120 to 130 g initial weight were kept at about 23°C temperature and fed on standard rat pellets and water ad libitum. Isoprenaline sulphate (Laake Oy, Turku) was injected daily subcutaneously at about 9 a.m. and in some experiments again about 9 hrs. later. As additional treatment dichlorisopropylnoradrenaline hydrochloride (Aldrich Chemical Co., Jnc. Milwaukee, Wisc.) or phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (Smith, Kline & French Labs. Philadelphia, Pa. bensylyti chloridum NFN) was given subcutaneously 30 min. before the isoprenaline and another dose of dichlorisopropylnoradrenaline 9 hrs. later. All doses are given in terms of their relevant free bases.About 24 hrs. after the last injection of isoprenaline, the rats were anaesthetized with ether and bled by cutting the abdominal aorta; the submaxillary, parotid and major sublingual glands were then removed. Their total fresh weights are given in the text below. Specimens of the salivary glands were frozen for staining with haematoxylin-eosin, but no attempts were made to examine the histological changes occurring under the various experimental conditions. Results were analysed for significance by Student's t-test.

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“…The nerves are therefore the important mediators in the functional activity that brings about the mitotic increase. Although the role of the innervation in maintenance of gland size and structure has been long recognized (6,7,10,11,15,16), the regulatory influences of nerves on mitotic activity have been less explored (17). Thus, although the mechanism remains to be elucidated, it is significant that such neurally-induced normal physiological activity of a mammalian gland can itself evoke marked mi totic activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Physiological Activity on Mitosis in Immature Rat Parotid Gland

Ca¹,

Hd²

1970

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Progressive increases in cell number and cell size contribute to the postnatal growth of rat parotid gland (1, 2 ) . However, parotid growth is retarded if, at weaning, animals are maintained on liquid, instead of solid food (2, 3). At all ages examined, DNA content and cell size of parotid glands from animals on liquid diet are less than those of litter mates placed on chow at weaning (2, 3). These effects are attributed to a decrease in neurally-mediated physiological activity of the gland induced by the liquid diet (4), and can be completely reversed if physiological activity is increased by substituting solid food for the liquid diet (3,4). The increase in DNA content, observed following substitution of liquid by solid food, is of particular interest since this suggested that increased physiological activity is involved in bringing about a net increase in cell number. However, such an increase in cell number could also be the result of diminished cell loss, rather than increased cell proliferation. Therefore, mitotic activity, and the course of its change in relation to DNA content were examined during the 10-day period of chow feeding to animals previously maintained on liquid diet. In addition, the course of change in gland size and cell size and the role of the innervation in regulation of cell size and number were investigated.Materials and Methods. Long-Evans weanling rats were maintained on a ration of solid chow and water, or liquid Metreca12 ad Zibi-turn Metrecal was dispensed from a special container which required only licking for consumption (4). At weaning, rats were placed on the usual solid chow, (hereafter referred to as "chow regimen," or "chowfed"), or on liquid-Metrecal diet, ("Metrecal regimen" or "Metred-fed") , and were maintained on their respective regimens for 7, 11, or 21 days. In addition, some of the animals maintained on the Metrecal from 2 1 to 32 days of age, were, at 32 days of age, placed on a diet of solid chow for 1, 2, 3, 5, or 10 days ("Metrecal-chow regimen"). In some groups, under ether anesthesia, complete unilateral postganglionic denervation was performed on 32-day-old rats maintained on Metrecal from 21 to 32 days of age. For varying intervals thereafter (none, 1 , 4, 7 days) 'the Metrecal was resumed, and then chow feeding was substituted for 2 days. Sham controls were also prepared. Rats were anesthetized with 1 % pentobarbital, and after exsanguination, both parotid glands were removed. One gland was weighed immediately and transferred to ice-cold 0.4 N NC104 for immediate nucleic acid determinations. The other gland was placed in Bouin's fixative for histological section. Tissues were cut 6 p in thickness and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. Mitotic counts were made using a calibrated eyepiece micrometer, and areas containing only acinar cells were counted. For each animal, 60 areas were counted. Nuclear size was determined with the Filar micrometer. Cell size was estimated

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Increase in weight of the submandibular salivary glands of rats following periodic amputation of the erupted portion of the incisor teeth

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Upper Incisor Separation on the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of Rats

The Effects of Upper Incisor Separation on the Submandibular and Sublingual Glands of Rats

Studies on the Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Induced in Rats by Isoprenaline

Influence of Physiological Activity on Mitosis in Immature Rat Parotid Gland

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