Increase in the Heart Rate Variability with Deep Breathing in Diabetic Patients after 12-Month Exercise Training

Sridhar, Bhagyalakshmi; Haleagrahara, Nagaraja; Rama, Bhat; Kulur, Anupama Bangra; Avabratha, Shreedhara; Adhikary, Prabha

doi:10.1620/tjem.220.107

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…As shown in ESM Table 1, across 20 interventions of aerobic exercise training, [8,9,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] the mean exercise frequency was three sessions per week, mean session duration was 48 min (not including warm-up and cool down), and mean exercise intensity was 74% of the HR max . In six trials (33%), exercise intensity was transformed from submaximal rates of V : O 2peak to the corresponding percentages of HR max .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis

et al. 2012

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Aims/hypothesis Supervised exercise programmes improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes, but training characteristics associated with reduction in HbA 1c remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review with meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the association between intensity and volume of exercise training (aerobic, resistance or combined) and HbA 1c changes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Five electronic databases were searched to retrieve RCTs of at least 12 weeks' duration, consisting of supervised exercise training vs no intervention, that reported HbA 1c changes and exercise characteristics. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction.Results Twenty-six RCTs (2,253 patients) met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, baseline HbA 1c and exercise frequency explained nearly 58% of between-study variance. Baseline HbA 1c was inversely correlated with HbA 1c reductions after the three types of exercise training. In aerobic training, exercise volume (represented by frequency of sessions) was associated with changes in HbA 1c (weighted r0−0.64), while no variables were correlated with glycaemic control induced by resistance training. In combined training, weekly volume of resistance exercise explained heterogeneity in multivariate analysis and was associated with changes in HbA 1c levels (weighted r0−0.70). Conclusions/interpretation Reduction in HbA 1c is associated with exercise frequency in supervised aerobic training, and with weekly volume of resistance exercise in supervised combined training. Therefore, exercise volume is a major determinant of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis

et al. 2012

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“…To treat patients with DM is very important [14] . Drug therapy and physical exercise are, between others, known therapies which may improve the quality of life in these patients [15] . Specially regarding to physical exercise, it may provide cardiovascular, metabolic and autonomic benefits in individuals with DM, leading to decreased insulin resistance and improved glycemic control in the blood [16] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] 156 obese individuals; GO: (n = 34; 49.0 ± 0.9 years and BMI ≥ 30kg/ m²); GODM2: (n = 22; 50.0 ± 1. [15] 105 individuals with DM2 were divided in 2 groups: GC (n = 50; 59.45 ± 2.75 28 DM2+H and 22 DM2); and GE (n = 55; 61.78 ± 3.1 years 25 DM2+H and 30 DM2)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shidhar et al [15] evaluated the effects of twelve months of aerobic training in patients with DM and hypertension or in normotensive condition and found that aerobic training significantly increase global HRV values in these patients, being higher in those with hypertension. The authors point out that this may be due to the decrease response of the physical training on blood pressure and blood glucose, which could influence autonomic changes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Exercise on Autonomic Nervous System in Diabetics: A Literature Review

Giacon

Vanderlei

Silva

et al. 2017

Journal of Cardiology and Therapy

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“…As diabetes progresses, heart rate variability is reduced such that, finally, sympathetic damage and parasympathetic damage have occurred to the extent that there is very little variation in heart rate with normal respiration or even a change in body position. 22,43,49 …”

Section: Impact Of Diabetes On Vascular Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Type-2-Diabetes-Related Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction on Skin Physiology and Activities of Daily Living

Petrofsky

2011

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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A common factor contributing to organ damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is impaired tissue blood flow caused by damage to vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Damage can occur even before the clinical diagnosis of diabetes. It can be caused by both a high average blood glucose concentration and/or large daily spikes in blood glucose. While much of the present literature focuses on the damage to VECs and organs from these large glucose excursions, this review will focus on the consequence of this damage, that is, how endothelial cell damage in diabetes affects normal daily activities (e.g., exercise, reaction to typical stimuli) and various treatment modalities (e.g.. contrast baths and electrical stimulation therapy). It is important to understand the effects of VEC damage such as poor skin blood flow, compromised thermoregulation, and altered response to skin pressure in designing diabetes technologies as simple as heating pads and as complex as continuous glucose monitors. At the simplest level, people with diabetes have poor circulation to the skin and other organs. In the skin, even the blood flow response to locally applied pressure, such as during standing, is different than for people who do not have T2DM. Simple weight bearing on the foot can occlude the skin circulation. This makes the skin more susceptible to damage. In addition, endothelial damage has farreaching effects on the whole body during normal activities of daily living, including an impaired response to local heat, such as hot packs and contrast baths, and higher body temperatures during whole body heating due to impaired blood flow and a reduced ability to sweat. Finally, because of multiple organ damage, people with T2DM have poor balance and gait and impaired exercise performance. Technol 2011;5(3):657-667 J Diabetes Sci SYMPOSIUM OverviewType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with serious consequences for health and mortality such as cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and stroke. 1,2 While different organ systems are impaired in people with diabetes, 3,4 a common factor in many of the complications of diabetes and the natural senescence of the organs due to aging is impaired vascular endothelial function. Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high vascular tone 6 and impaired vasorelaxation of blood vessels.7 Lack of a typical circulatory response to stress not only damages organs, but affects whole body functions such as balance, gait, and the ability to respond to heat stress. [8][9][10][11] 658 Many articles have focused on continuous glucose monitoring and its importance in preventing cellular damage in people with diabetes. [12][13][14] This review will concentrate on the implications of poor glucose control on blood flow and on how damage to vascular endothelial cells (VECs) impacts whole body function such as the ability of the skin to handle stressors during daily activities and more gross whole body functions such as thermoregulation, balance, orthostatic tolerance, and gait. Impact of Diabetes on ...

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Increase in the Heart Rate Variability with Deep Breathing in Diabetic Patients after 12-Month Exercise Training

Abstract: Keywords: heart rate variability/exercise/diabetes/hypertension/deep breathing Tohoku

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis

Volume of supervised exercise training impacts glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-regression analysis

Influence of the Exercise on Autonomic Nervous System in Diabetics: A Literature Review

The Effect of Type-2-Diabetes-Related Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction on Skin Physiology and Activities of Daily Living

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