Increase in Testicular Cancer Incidence in Six European Countries: a Birth Cohort Phenomenon

Bergström, Reinhold; Adami, Hans Olov; Möhner, Matthias; Zatoński, Witold; Storm, Hans H.; Ekbom, Anders; Tretli, Steinar; Teppo, Lyly; Akre, Olof; Hakulinen, Timo

doi:10.1093/jnci/88.11.727

Cited by 397 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[5][6][7] The highest incidence reported is from Scandinavia and Switzerland with an annual rate of over nine cases per 100 000 males. Significantly lower rates have been reported from other locations such as Asia and Latin America.…”

Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

2005

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Section: Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

2005

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“…6 The increased incidence of testicular cancer in Western countries during the last 4 or 5 decades is associated with birth cohort effects. [2][3][4] In Japan, where dramatic lifestyle changes occurred after the Pacific War, the peak death rate in the population born before the war was in their thirties or forties, whereas for those born after the war it was in their twenties. 1 This birth cohort effect on the incidence/mortality of testicular cancer suggests that the causative factors relating to this malignancy operate early in life, possibly in the fetal (i.e., maternal), perinatal (also, maternal), or prepubertal period.…”

Section: Testicular Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in most western countries. 5 The incidence and mortality of both malignancies vary greatly from country to country.…”

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Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Ganmaa

Wang

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

113

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The incidence and mortality rates of testicular and prostatic cancers in 42 countries were correlated with the dietary practices in these countries using the cancer rates (1988 -92) provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the food supply data (1961-90) provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Among the food items we examined, cheese was most closely correlated with the incidence of testicular cancer at ages 20 -39, followed by animal fats and milk. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest (r ‫؍‬ 0.804) when calculated for cheese consumed during the period 1961-65 (maternal or prepubertal consumption). Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese (1961-65) made a significant contribution to the incidence of testicular cancer (standardized regression coefficient [R] ‫؍‬ 0.654). Concerning prostatic cancer, milk (1961-90) was most closely correlated (r ‫؍‬ 0.711) with its incidence, followed by meat and coffee. Stepwise-multipleregression analysis identified milk ؉ cheese as a factor contributing to the incidence of prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.525). The food that was most closely correlated with the mortality rate of prostatic cancer was milk (r ‫؍‬ 0.766), followed by coffee, cheese and animal fats. Stepwise-multiple-regression analysis revealed that milk ؉ cheese was a factor contributing to mortality from prostatic cancer (R ‫؍‬ 0.580). The results of our study suggest a role of milk and dairy products in the development and growth of testicular and prostatic cancers. The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: testicular cancer; prostatic cancer; dietary practices; milk; cheeseJapanese lifestyle underwent drastic changes after the end of the Pacific War (1945). Most conspicuous was the change in dietary practices. The intake of milk and dairy products, meat and eggs increased 20-, 9-and 7-fold, respectively, during the 48 years between 1950 and 1998. It has been observed that in Japanese males born before 1945, death from testicular cancer peaked in their thirties or forties, whereas in those born after 1946, the peak was in their twenties (a birth cohort effect). From these observations, Ganmaa et al. 1 presumed that the development of testicular cancer in Japanese men is related to the dietary practices of Japanese boys at the time of puberty or earlier.The age-adjusted death rate of prostatic cancer has risen 25-fold almost linearly during the last 48 years from 1947-95, with no birth cohort effect on the death rate. From this, Ganmaa et al. 1 also presumed that the increased death from this cancer relates to an accumulation of the effects of dietary factors throughout life.The incidence of testicular cancer in western countries has steadily risen in the past 40 or 50 years. 2-4 Prostatic cancer is the most common cancer among men in...

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“…Testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults (TGCTs) are the most common cancer in Caucasian males in the age between 15 and 45 years, and an increasing incidence has been reported in most European countries as well as in the USA (Adami et al, 1994;Mùller et al, 1995;Feuer, 1995;BergstroÈ m et al, 1996;Bosl et al, 1997). Histologically and clinically they can be divided into two main groups, the seminomas (SE) and the nonseminomatous-TGCTs (NS) (Mosto® et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the critical region of 12p over-representation in testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults

et al. 1998

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Cytogenetically, testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults (TGCTs) are characterized by gain of 12p-sequences, most often through isochromosome formation (i(12p)). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has shown that i(12p))-negative TGCTs also cryptically contain extra 12p-sequences. The consistency of 12p-over-representation in all histological subtypes of TGCTs, including their preinvasive stage, suggests that gain of one or more genes on 12p is crucial in the development of this cancer. So far, studies aimed at the identi®cation of the relevant gene(s) were based on thè candidate-gene approach'. No convincing evidence in favor of or against a particular gene has been reported. We combined conventional karyotyping, comparative genomic hybridization, and FISH to identify TGCTs with ampli®cations of restricted regions of 12p. Out of 49 primary TGCTs (23 without i(12p), 13 with and 13 unknown), eight tumors (six without i(12p) and two unknown) showed ampli®cations corresponding to 12p11.1-p12.1. Using bicolour-FISH, physical mapping, and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reactions, the size of the shortest region of overlap of ampli®cation (SROA) was estimated to be between 1750 ± 3000 kb. In addition, we mapped a number of genes in and around this region. While fourteen known genes could be excluded as candidates based on their location outside this region, we demonstrate that KRAS2, JAW1 and SOX5 genes are localized within the SROA. While KRAS2 and JAW1 map to the proximal border of the SROA, SOX5 maps centrally in the SROA. KRAS2 and JAW1 are expressed in all TGCTs, whereas one 12p amplicon-positive TGCT lacks expression of SOX5. The critical region of 12p over-represented in TGCTs is less than 8% of the total length of the short arm of chromosome 12. It will be helpful in the identi®cation of the gene(s) involved in TGCT-development.

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Increase in Testicular Cancer Incidence in Six European Countries: a Birth Cohort Phenomenon

Abstract: The increasing trend in testicular cancer risk observed for these six populations follows a birth cohort pattern. This distinct risk pattern provides a framework for the identification of specific etiologic factors.

Cited by 397 publications

References 22 publications

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

Origins and molecular biology of testicular germ cell tumors

Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices

Identification of the critical region of 12p over-representation in testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults

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