Increase in retention of a taste aversion by weanling rats after a long interval

Kraemer, Philipp J.; Lariviere, Nancy A.; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.3758/bf03209064

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Thus, it is possible that methamphetamine enhanced the memory of aversive CS-US attributes, and therefore, facilitated strong retention of CTA relative to that observed with a non-amphetamine-based drug like LiCl that was used in studies reporting a decreased magnitude of responding following retention intervals in maturing rats (Steinert et al 1980; Guanowsky et al 1983). Overall, the present results are more similar to the findings reporting that memory for LiCl-induced CTA is intact after retention intervals that correspond to the maturation of motivational systems (Klein et al 1977; Kraemer et al 1988). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For example, Guanowsky et al (1983) reported that post-weanling (~PND 26) and adult rats acquired CTA after a single sucrose–LiCl pairing and the magnitude of the response was diminished after a 28-day retention interval in the maturing rats, but not in the adults (also see Ader and Peck, 1977; Steinert et al 1980; Misanin et al 1983). Other reports, however, suggest that postweanling rats (~PND 23) administered sucrose-LiCl or chocolate milk-LiCl pairings exhibited robust CTA when tested 21 and 28 days after acquisition (Klein et al 1977 and Kraemer et al 1988, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Persistent expression of methamphetamine-induced CTA in periadolescent rats

Harrod

Lacy

Ballina

2010

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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It is well documented that the transition from periadolescence to adulthood produces profound changes in motivated behavior, and furthermore, attenuates the aversive experience of abused drugs. Little is known, however, about adolescent memory for the conditioned aversive effects of abused drugs following retention intervals that span this developmental transition. The present experiment investigated methamphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in periadolescent rats to determine if the magnitude of conditioning was altered following retention intervals that extend to adulthood. Rats consumed saccharin (0.1%, w/v) and were immediately injected with saline or methamphetamine (3.0 mg/kg) either once (PND 40) or three times (PND 38-40), and memory was assessed one or 50 days later on post natal days 41 or 90, respectively. Rats exhibited robust methamphetamine-induced CTA one and 50 days after conditioning, and the strength of responding did not change as a function of retention interval, regardless if animals were trained with one or three saccharin-methamphetamine pairings. These findings indicate that the expression of memory for the aversive effects of methamphetamine was resistant to degradation throughout the developmental period of periadolescence to adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Persistent expression of methamphetamine-induced CTA in periadolescent rats

Harrod

Lacy

Ballina

2010

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Because of the rapid elimination of ethanol, the unconditioned properties afforded by ethanol might be more short-lived in the 20-day-olds. This short duration of ethanol action might condition a weaker aversion to the sucrose (Goudie, 1987), and further training with this relatively weak US might be necessary to observe the conditioned aversion (Infurna, Steinert, Freda, & Spear, 1979; Kraemer, Lariviere, & Spear, 1988).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ontogenetic comparison of ethanol-mediated taste aversion learning and ethanol-induced hypothermia in preweanling rats.

Hunt¹,

Spear²,

Spear³

1991

Behavioral Neuroscience

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To examine the interactive effects of ethanol (EtOH) and ambient temperature, 10-, 16-, and 20-day-old rat pups ingested pairings of sucrose solution and various doses of ethanol (intubated intragastrically) and were then exposed to relatively low or relatively high ambient temperatures. Ten- and 20-day-old pups required a higher EtOH dose than did 16-day old pups for conditioning of a sucrose aversion and for hypothermia. These age-related differences might be due to ontogenetic changes in the production and accumulation of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of EtOH. For all ages, EtOH-induced hypothermia was necessary for conditioning of the taste aversion, which is in accord with results of previous tests with adult rats (Cunningham, Hawks, & Niehus, 1988).

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“…For example, young animals do not show adults' inclination for overshadowing when they are tested on a single element of a compound training stimulus (Kraemer, Lariviere, & Spear, 1988;Mellon, Kraemer, & Spear, 1991) but rather show potentiation, the opposite of overshadowing (Hinderliter & Misanin, 1988;Kucharski & Spear, 1985;Spear & Kucharski, 1984). Age-related differences also exist in the treatment of contextual stimuli (Lariviere, Chen, & Spear, 1990; McKinzie, Lee, Bronfen, Spear, & Spear, 1994;Solheim, Hensler, & Spear, 1980).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic differences in conditioning to context and CS as a function of context saliency and CS-US interval

McKinzie

Spear

1995

Animal Learning & Behavior

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A series of experiments examined ontogenetically the effects of context saliency and CS-US interval on the learning of CS-US and context-US associations. Although adult rats generally showed an inverse relationship between CS and context learning that depended upon CS-US interval and context saliency, the opposite relationship held for preweanlings, Consistent with many contemporary learning theories, adult rats expressed CS-context competition in learning about the US. Preweanlings, on the other hand, exhibited potentiated responding to either the context or the CS as a result of strong learning about the other element. These results suggest that adult and infant rats process information in a qualitatively different manner.Infants and adults may process information in a qualitatively different manner. For example, young animals do not show adults' inclination for overshadowing when they are tested on a single element of a compound training stimulus (Kraemer, Lariviere, & Spear, 1988;Mellon, Kraemer, & Spear, 1991) but rather show potentiation, the opposite of overshadowing (Hinderliter & Misanin, 1988;Kucharski & Spear, 1985;Spear & Kucharski, 1984). Age-related differences also exist in the treatment of contextual stimuli (Lariviere, Chen, & Spear, 1990; McKinzie, Lee, Bronfen, Spear, & Spear, 1994;Solheim, Hensler, & Spear, 1980). For example, McKinzie and Spear (1991) found that preweanling rats expressed strong learning to both context and tone following tone-footshock pairings. Context conditioning in animals given pairings ofa conditional stimulus (CS) and an unconditional stimulus (US) exceeded that in preweanlings given unpaired presentations of the same events. Thus, pairing of a tone CS with the US potentiated responding to the context (see also Goodwin et aI., 1992).Adults are more likely to attend to stimuli in the selective manner indicative of overshadowing. Punctate CSs usually are chosen for their capacity to elicit an orienting reflex (Pavlov, 1927) and, therefore, are likely to overshadow contextual stimuli in a typical conditioning experiment. Associative competition between the context and CS occurs in procedures that vary contingency and contiguity of the CS-US relationship. For example, Odling- Smee (1975) found that, as CS-US contingency decreased, conditioning to the training context increased. Marlin (1981) found that an inverse relationship existed between context and CS learning as a function of CS-US interval. When the CS and US were temporally contiguous, responding to the CS overshadowed responding to the context. As CS-US interval increased, however, conditioning to the CS diminished, while context learning increased. At an intermediate trace interval, conditioning occurred to both the context and the CS, whereas only context conditioning occurred at long CS-US intervals. Marlin concluded that both context and CS stimuli potentially form associations with the US and that learning occurs to the better predictor of the forthcoming US.The purpose of the present series of experiments...

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Increase in retention of a taste aversion by weanling rats after a long interval

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Persistent expression of methamphetamine-induced CTA in periadolescent rats

Persistent expression of methamphetamine-induced CTA in periadolescent rats

An ontogenetic comparison of ethanol-mediated taste aversion learning and ethanol-induced hypothermia in preweanling rats.

Ontogenetic differences in conditioning to context and CS as a function of context saliency and CS-US interval

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