Increase in plasma pollutant levels in response to weight loss in humans is related to in vitro subcutaneous adipocyte basal lipolysis

Imbeault, Pascal; Chevrier, Jonathan; Dewailly, Éric; Ayotte, Pierre; Després, Jean‐Pierre; Tremblay, Angelo; Mauriège, Pascale

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801817

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…72 In humans, body mass index and fat mass have been positively associated with plasma organochlorine concentration, 73 obese individuals being characterized by higher plasma organochlorine concentration than lean persons. 62,73 Moreover, lipolysis is positively associated with an increase in plasma organochlorine concentration 74,75 leading to an hyperconcentration of these pollutants in plasma and tissues during body weight and fat mass loss. 61,74,[76][77][78] Indeed, it was found that men engaged in a weigh reduction program had a significant increase in plasma and in abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue organochlorine concentration after a significant body weigh loss.…”

Section: Organochlorines: Obesogen Pollutants?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…62,73 Moreover, lipolysis is positively associated with an increase in plasma organochlorine concentration 74,75 leading to an hyperconcentration of these pollutants in plasma and tissues during body weight and fat mass loss. 61,74,[76][77][78] Indeed, it was found that men engaged in a weigh reduction program had a significant increase in plasma and in abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue organochlorine concentration after a significant body weigh loss. 61,77 Similarly, (1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethene) DDE concentration, an organochlorine compound, was found to be increased by 61 and 55% in subcutaneous and in abdominal adipose tissue, respectively, following a significant body weight loss after an intestinal bypass operation in obese individuals.…”

Section: Organochlorines: Obesogen Pollutants?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical significance of adaptive thermogenesis

et al. 2007

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The epidemic of obesity is developing faster than the scientific understanding of an efficient way to overcome it, as reflected by the low success rate of short-and long-term weight loss interventions. From a clinical standpoint, this suggests that the body tends to defend a set point of possible genetic origin in the context of a weight-reducing program. As described in this paper, this limited therapeutic success may depend on adaptive thermogenesis, which represents in this case the decrease in energy expenditure (EE) beyond what could be predicted from the changes in fat mass or fat-free mass under conditions of standardized physical activity in response to a decrease in energy intake. This issue has been documented in recent studies that have shown in obese individuals adhering to a weight reduction program a greater than predicted decrease in EE, which in some cases was quantitatively sufficient to overcome the prescribed energy restriction, suggesting a role for adaptive thermogenesis in unsuccessful weight loss interventions and reduced body weight maintenance. As also discussed in this paper, this 'adaptive thermogenesis' can be influenced by environmental factors, which have not been frequently considered up to now. This is potentially the case for plasma organochlorine concentration and oxygen desaturation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. It is concluded that health professionals should be aware that in some vulnerable individuals, adaptive thermogenesis can be multicausal, and has the capacity to compensate, at least partly, for the prescribed energy deficit, possibly going beyond any good compliance of some patients.

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Section: Organochlorines: Obesogen Pollutants?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organochlorines: Obesogen Pollutants?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical significance of adaptive thermogenesis

et al. 2007

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“…Cord blood levels correlate with maternal adipose levels where the concentrations of these toxins can be 10-100 times higher than other compartments within the body (van der Ven et al, 1992). While organochlorines may be relatively harmless when stored in the adipose tissue, fat mobilisation increases the plasma concentrations of these toxins (Chevrier et al, 2000;Imbeault et al, 2001) and the very high rate of mobilisation of maternal fat stores in the last trimester of pregnancy and the possible remobilisation of neonatal adipose tissue in early life is likely to lead to repeated washing out of these compounds into the circulation, organs and tissues of the fetus and neonate during critical periods of development.…”

Section: Potentially Adverse Affects Of High Lcpufa Intakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

Haggarty¹

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

187

156

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The fetus has an absolute requirement for the n-3/n-6 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) in particular is essential for the development of the brain and retina. Most of the fat deposition in the fetus occurs in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. The likely rate of DHA utilisation during late pregnancy cannot be met from dietary sources alone in a significant proportion of mothers. De novo synthesis makes up some of the shortfall but the available evidence suggests that the maternal adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to placental transport to the fetus. The placenta plays a crucial role in mobilising the maternal adipose tissue and actively concentrating and channelling the important n-3/n-6 fatty acids to the fetus via multiple mechanisms including selective uptake by the syncytiotrophoblast, intracellular metabolic channelling, and selective export to the fetal circulation. These mechanisms protect the fetus against low long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intakes in the last trimester of pregnancy and have the effect of reducing the maternal dietary requirement for preformed DHA at this time. As a result of these adaptations, small changes in the composition of the habitual maternal diet before pregnancy are likely to be more effective in improving LCPUFA delivery to the fetus than large dietary changes in late pregnancy. There is little evidence that DHA intake/status in the second half of pregnancy affects visual and cognitive function in the offspring, but more studies are needed, particularly in children born to vegetarian and vegan and mothers who may have very low intakes of DHA.

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“…However, in the questionnaire, this individual reported a notable weight loss of 15 kg within the previous 6 months. Elevation of serum organochlorine concentrations following weight loss has been reported previously due to mobilization of stored compounds from fat as fat tissue is lost and organochlorine compounds are redistributed into the remaining, smaller volume of lipid (Mussalo-Rauhamaa et al, 1988;Walford et al, 1999;Chevrier et al, 2000;Imbeault et al, 2001;Charlier et al, 2002;Imbeault et al, 2002a, b;Pelletier et al, 2002a, b;Glynn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Model Refinementmentioning

confidence: 81%

TCDD exposure estimation for workers at a New Zealand 2,4,5-T manufacturing facility based on serum sampling data

Aylward

Bodner

Collins

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Employment in the manufacture of the herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) is associated with potential exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and elevated serum lipid TCDD concentrations can be measured in workers for decades after terminated occupational exposure. As part of an epidemiological study of 1599 workers employed at a facility in New Plymouth, New Zealand that manufactured 2,4,5-T, serum TCDD concentrations measured in blood samples from 346 workers were used with work history records and a simple pharmacokinetic model in a linear regression to estimate dose rates associated with specific job exposure groups at the facility. The model was used to estimate serum TCDD concentration profiles over time for each individual in the full study group and accounted for 30% of the observed variance in TCDD concentrations in the serum donor subgroup. The model underestimated measured concentrations substantially for eleven individuals in the study group; examination of questionnaire data revealed a variety of activities apart from routine employment at the facility that may have contributed to the measured serum TCDD concentrations. Estimated serum TCDD concentrations were below 300 p.p.t. for all individuals in the cohort over the entire study time period, lower than estimates for other 2,4,5-T worker populations. This finding is consistent with occupational medicine records, which indicated that no cases of chloracne were ever diagnosed among workers employed on the site. The modeled exposures will be used in an evaluation of mortality patterns of workers at this facility.

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Increase in plasma pollutant levels in response to weight loss in humans is related to in vitro subcutaneous adipocyte basal lipolysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 30 publications

Clinical significance of adaptive thermogenesis

Clinical significance of adaptive thermogenesis

Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

TCDD exposure estimation for workers at a New Zealand 2,4,5-T manufacturing facility based on serum sampling data

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