Increase in muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies during perturbed stance

Kaminishi, Kohei; Chiba, Ryosuke; Takakusaki, Kaoru; Ota, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.003

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Accordingly, there is a need to elucidate whether the above parameters can be beneficial to judge the stability of postural control of patients with neurological disorders and can be the predicting maker of falling. For this, studies combined with biological research, biomechanics, and control theory should be required ( Johansson et al, 2009 ; Pettersson et al, 2012 ; Kaminishi et al, 2020 , 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preceding Postural Control in Forelimb Reaching Movements in Cats

Takahashi

Nakajima

Takakusaki

2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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Postural control precedes the goal-directed movement to maintain body equilibrium during the action. Because the environment continuously changes due to one’s activity, postural control requires a higher-order brain function that predicts the interaction between the body and the environment. Here, we tried to elucidate to what extent such a preceding postural control (PPC) predictively offered a posture that ensured the entire process of the goal-directed movement before starting the action. For this purpose, we employed three cats, which we trained to maintain a four-leg standing posture on force transducers to reach the target by either forelimb. Each cat performed the task under nine target locations in front with different directions and distances. As an index of posture, we employed the center of pressure (CVP) and examined CVP positions when the cat started postural alteration, began to lift its paw, and reached the target. After gazing at the target, each cat started PPC where postural alteration was accompanied by a 20–35 mm CVP shift to the opposite side of the forelimb to be lifted. Then, the cat lifted its paw at the predicted CVP position and reached the forelimb to the target with a CVP shift of only several mm. Moreover, each cat had an optimal target location where the relationship between the cat and target minimized the difference in the CVP positions between the predicted and the final. In this condition, more than 80% of the predicted CVP positions matched the final CVP positions, and the time requiring the reaching movement was the shortest. By contrast, the forelimb reaching movement required a greater CVP shift and longer time when the target was far from the cat. In addition, the time during forelimb reaching showed a negative correlation with the speed of the CVP shift during the PPC. These results suggest that the visuospatial information, such as the body-environment interaction, contributes to the motor programming of the PPC. We conclude that the PPC ensures postural stability throughout the action to optimize the subsequent goal-directed movements. Impairments in these processes may disturb postural stability during movements, resulting in falling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preceding Postural Control in Forelimb Reaching Movements in Cats

Takahashi

Nakajima

Takakusaki

2022

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

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“…The objective of the present study was to experimentally evaluate a hypothesis: an increased muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies. Research question: Do changes in the muscle tone affect the use of ankle strategies ?” 23 …”

Section: Examples Of Research Questions From Published Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Guide to Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypotheses in Scholarly Articles

Barroga

Matanguihan

2022

J Korean Med Sci

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The development of research questions and the subsequent hypotheses are prerequisites to defining the main research purpose and specific objectives of a study. Consequently, these objectives determine the study design and research outcome. The development of research questions is a process based on knowledge of current trends, cutting-edge studies, and technological advances in the research field. Excellent research questions are focused and require a comprehensive literature search and in-depth understanding of the problem being investigated. Initially, research questions may be written as descriptive questions which could be developed into inferential questions. These questions must be specific and concise to provide a clear foundation for developing hypotheses. Hypotheses are more formal predictions about the research outcomes. These specify the possible results that may or may not be expected regarding the relationship between groups. Thus, research questions and hypotheses clarify the main purpose and specific objectives of the study, which in turn dictate the design of the study, its direction, and outcome. Studies developed from good research questions and hypotheses will have trustworthy outcomes with wide-ranging social and health implications.

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“…It is known, that hip strategy contribution increases during perturbations in elderly people (Afschrift et al, 2016). Hip strategy involvement also depends on muscle tone (Kaminishi et al, 2020(Kaminishi et al, , 2021. Muscle tone registered by microvibrations decreases in microgravity (Gallasch et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory organization of postural control after long term space flight

Shishkin

Kitov

Sayenko

et al. 2023

Front. Neural Circuits

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BackgroundAlterations in motor control systems is an inevitable consequence of space flights of any duration. After the flight, the crew-members have significant difficulties with maintaining upright balance and locomotion, which last several days following landing. At the same time, the specific mechanisms of these effects remain unclear.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess effects of long-term space flight on postural control and to define the changes of sensory organization caused by microgravity.Methods33 cosmonauts of Russian Space Agency, the members of International Space Station (ISS) flights of duration between 166 and 196 days took part in this study. Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) tests, which include assessment of visual, proprioceptive and vestibular function in postural stability, was performed twice before the flight and on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days after landing. The video analysis of ankle and hip joints fluctuations was performed to investigate the basis of postural changes.ResultsExposure to long-term space flight was followed by considerable changes of postural stability (−27% of Equilibrium Score value in the most complicated test, SOT5m). Changes in postural strategies to maintain balance were observed in the tests which provide the challenge for vestibular system. In particular, increased hip joint involvement (+100% in median value and +135% in 3rd quartile of hip angle fluctuation RMS in SOT5m) into postural control process was revealed.ConclusionDecrease of postural stability after long-term space flight was associated with alterations in vestibular system and biomechanically was revealed by increased hip strategy which is less accurate, but simpler in terms of the central control.

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Increase in muscle tone promotes the use of ankle strategies during perturbed stance

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Preceding Postural Control in Forelimb Reaching Movements in Cats

Preceding Postural Control in Forelimb Reaching Movements in Cats

A Practical Guide to Writing Quantitative and Qualitative Research Questions and Hypotheses in Scholarly Articles

Sensory organization of postural control after long term space flight

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