Increase in hydrophobicity of Bacillus subtilis spores by heat, hydrostatic pressure, and pressurized carbon dioxide treatments

Noma, Satoshi; Kiyohara, Kazuki; Hirokado, Rina; Yamashita, Nami; Migita, Yuya; Tanaka, Motoharu; Furukawa, Soichi; Ogihara, Hirokazu; Morinaga, Yasushi; Igura, Noriyuki; Shimoda, Mitsuya

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.09.012

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They could be the result of hydrophobicity increases on the palynomorph surface. Noma et al (2018) found increased hydrophobicity for spores treated with HCl, by negatively charging the spore coat. Meanwhile, Yang et al (2009) compared FTIR spectra for methyl-modified silica films with different levels of hydrophobicity, and found weaker O-H bond peaks and stronger C-H bond peaks adjacent to the wavenumbers in our results.…”

Section: Influence Of Hcl Koh and Acetolysis Treatments On Sporopolleninmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of common palynological extraction treatments on ultraviolet absorbing compounds (UACs) in sub-fossil pollen and spores observed in FTIR spectra

Wang

Bell²,

Fletcher³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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IntroductionBiological life, atmospheric circulation and the Earth’s climate may be influenced by UV-B radiation. In plants, Ultraviolet Absorbing Compounds (UACs) are an indicator of UV-B exposure, and the abundance of UACs in pollen and spores of embryophytes is measurable using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-Spectroscopy. However, understanding the influence of common chemical pre-treatments on sub-fossil pollen and spores with a view to UV-B reconstruction still requires investigation.MethodsHere, peat samples collected from a Late Holocene raised bog were treated with different chemicals (HCl, KOH, and acetolysis) for varying treatment times (up to 210 min). Pollen or spores of three common taxa (Alnus, Calluna and Sphagnum) were isolated and FTIR spectra obtained on individual grains. The spectra were compared to modern pollen and spore samples collected nearby.ResultsSpectra of modern and sub-fossil samples show several visible differences related to lipid and protoplast contents. The results of chemical treatments on sub-fossil pollen and spores reveal that HCl produced limited changes, while KOH and acetolysis altered several peaks, including the UAC-related aromatic peak at 1516 cm−1. We observe that all treatments modify the FTIR spectra to some degree, from weakest (HCl) to strongest (acetolysis). With respect to reduction of UAC peak area and treatment time, we observe in some cases a significant log-decay relationship, notably for KOH treatment on Calluna pollen and acetolysis on Sphagnum spores. Compared to untreated control samples, UAC peak area in Alnus, Calluna and Sphagnum reduced by 68%, 69% and 60% respectively, after only 3 min of acetolysis treatment. After 60 minutes of acetolysis treatment UAC peaks were reduced by 77%, 84% and 88%.DiscussionDue to the potential for taxon-specific effects and significant reductions in UAC peak area even within short treatment times, our recommendation for future applications in palaeoecological studies on palynomorph chemistry is to avoid chemical digestions in the pollen extraction process in favour of separation methods including micro-sieving and density separation.

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Section: Influence Of Hcl Koh and Acetolysis Treatments On Sporopolleninmentioning

confidence: 95%

Influence of common palynological extraction treatments on ultraviolet absorbing compounds (UACs) in sub-fossil pollen and spores observed in FTIR spectra

Wang

Bell²,

Fletcher³

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…This result indicated that the combined treatment with LA and heat treatment resulted in the low hydrophobicity of the spores. Adhesion and hydrophobicity of the spore surface are influenced by the protein composition of the spore coat [ 22 , 35 ]. Kutima and Foegeding noted that the hydrophobicity of waxy spores decreased when the spore coat was removed by chemical treatment [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The particle size and zeta potential of C. perfringens spores after different treatments were determined with reference to the previously published methods [ 21 , 22 ]. C. perfringens spores need to be activated at 75 °C for 20 min and treated according the above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivation of Clostridium perfringens C1 Spores by the Combination of Mild Heat and Lactic Acid

Lin

Bian

Sun

et al. 2022

Foods

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Clostridium perfringens is a major pathogen causing foodborne illnesses. In this experiment, the inactivation effects of heat and lactic acid (LA) treatments on C. perfringens spores was investigated. Heat treatment (80 °C, 90 °C and 100 °C), LA (0.5% and 1%), and combined LA and heat treatments for 30 and 60 min were performed. Residual spore counts showed that the count of C. perfringens spores was below the detection limit within 30 min of treatment with 1% LA and heat treatment at 90 °C. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy results showed that the surface morphology of the spores was severely disrupted by the co-treatment. The particle size of the spores was reduced to 202 nm and the zeta potential to −3.66 mv. The inner core of the spores was disrupted and the co-treatment resulted in the release of 77% of the nuclear contents 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. In addition, the hydrophobicity of spores was as low as 11% after co-treatment with LA relative to the control, indicating that the outer layer of spores was severely disrupted. Thus, synergistic heating and LA treatment were effective in inactivating C. perfringens spores.

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“…We found that CH (80℃, 5 MPa for 30 min) enhanced the hydrophobicity of the spore surface more so than did treatment with heat and hydrostatic pressure. This increase in surface hydrophobicity promoted the formation of spore clumps as well as the attachment of spores to hydrophobic surfaces (Noma et al, 2018). Faille et al (2001) showed that Bacillus spores with high hydrophobicity adhere to hydrophobic surfaces in custard.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores by Carbonation with Glycerin Fatty Acid Esters

Hirokado

Noma

Soh

et al. 2018

FSTR

Self Cite

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We investigated the effect of carbonation treatment with heating (CH) in the presence of glycerin fatty acid esters on Bacillus subtilis spores. The inactivation effect of CH was the highest in the presence of monoglycerol monocaprate (MC10). Monoglycerol monolaurate showed the highest bacteriostatic effect. The resistance of spores to CH with MC10 did not change with pre-heat activation. Freshly prepared spores from the surviving spores following CH with MC10 showed resistance similar to that of normal spores. The resistance of spores might be affected by the composition of the spore-forming medium. CH with MC10 enhanced adhesion of MC10 to spores and dipicolinic acid (DPA) release from spores, but did not induce DNA fragmentation. Inactivation of B. subtilis spores by CH with MC10 may be attributable to the impairment of physiological germination and/or decrease in heat resistance, which were induced by enhanced MC10 adhesion and the resultant DPA release.

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Increase in hydrophobicity of Bacillus subtilis spores by heat, hydrostatic pressure, and pressurized carbon dioxide treatments

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of common palynological extraction treatments on ultraviolet absorbing compounds (UACs) in sub-fossil pollen and spores observed in FTIR spectra

Influence of common palynological extraction treatments on ultraviolet absorbing compounds (UACs) in sub-fossil pollen and spores observed in FTIR spectra

Inactivation of Clostridium perfringens C1 Spores by the Combination of Mild Heat and Lactic Acid

Inactivation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores by Carbonation with Glycerin Fatty Acid Esters

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