Increase in dietary cadmium as a result of application of sewage sludge to agricultural land

Naylor, Lewis M.; Loehr, Raymond C.

doi:10.1021/es00090a002

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, such metals can affect species at all trophic levels. − Once accumulated in the human body through the food chain, heavy metals can cause a variety of adverse effects, including behavioral disturbances, carcinogenesis, biochemical changes, reproductive abnormalities, neurological deficits, and immunological dysfunctions. , Therefore, there is a critical need for reliable tools to assess the risk levels of heavy metals in agricultural soil. Cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) are four of the most toxic heavy metals commonly found in agricultural soil, and these metals pose considerable threats to the environment and human health. − Crops are the primary source of human exposure to heavy metal pollutants, as they can accumulate and pass toxic metals into the food supply. Lycopersicon esculentum , a crop recommended by the U.S. EPA for soil toxicity assessments, is a good candidate test species for ecotoxicology due to its large-scale cultivation on farmlands, short growth cycle, simple genomic background, and ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray-Based Analysis of Gene Expression in Lycopersicon esculentum Seedling Roots in Response to Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, and Lead

Hou

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effects of heavy metals in agricultural soils have received special attention due to their potential for accumulation in crops, which can affect species at all trophic levels. Therefore, there is a critical need for reliable bioassays for assessing risk levels due to heavy metals in agricultural soil. In the present study, we used microarrays to investigate changes in gene expression of Lycopersicon esculentum in response to Cd-, Cr-, Hg-, or Pb-spiked soil. Exposure to (1)/10 median lethal concentrations (LC50) of Cd, Cr, Hg, or Pb for 7 days resulted in expression changes in 29 Cd-specific, 58 Cr-specific, 192 Hg-specific and 864 Pb-specific genes as determined by microarray analysis, whereas conventional morphological and physiological bioassays did not reveal any toxicant stresses. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the characteristic gene expression profiles induced by Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb were distinct from not only the control but also one another. Furthermore, a total of three genes related to "ion transport" for Cd, 14 genes related to "external encapsulating structure organization", "reproductive developmental process", "lipid metabolic process" and "response to stimulus" for Cr, 11 genes related to "cellular metabolic process" and "cellular response to stimulus" for Hg, 78 genes related to 20 biological processes (e.g., DNA metabolic process, monosaccharide catabolic process, cell division) for Pb were identified and selected as their potential biomarkers. These findings demonstrated that microarray-based analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum was a sensitive tool for the early detection of potential toxicity of heavy metals in agricultural soil, as well as an effective tool for identifying the heavy metal-specific genes, which should be useful for assessing risk levels due to heavy metals in agricultural soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray-Based Analysis of Gene Expression in Lycopersicon esculentum Seedling Roots in Response to Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, and Lead

Hou

Liu

Wang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Of these metals, Cd is of particular concern (Kloke et al, 1984;Naylor and Loehr, 1981;Ryan et al, 1982). The accurate prediction of soil-to-plant transfers of Cd is fundamental to the assessment of the human health risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioavailability of cadmium to lettuce and cabbage in soils previously treated with sewage sludges

Jackson

Alloway²

1991

Plant Soil

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The application of sewage sludges to soils may lead to increased soil-Cd levels. The bioavailability of Cd is determined by the interaction of a number of soil physico-chemical and plant variables, of which pH is the most important. Duplicate samples of sludge-treated soils were transferred to tubs in the field, one of each pair being limed to pH 7 ---0.5. Lettuce and cabbage were grown to maturity and analysed for Cd. Liming always reduced Cd uptake by the plants. Three soil extractants, 1 M NH4NO 3, 0.05 M EDTA-(Na)2 and 0.05 M CaC12 were used as indices of Cd bioavailability. CaCI 2 proved to be the most effective for both lettuce and cabbage. Multiple linear regression equations were derived to describe the uptake and accumulation of Cd by both crops. The relative influence of soil variables differed between the two species. Unlike those of a number of pot experiments conducted in glasshouses, the data from this experiment are comparable with those of crop samples taken from the field.

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“…They are considerably less than those in areas with known high Cd contamination in seafood, which range up to 281,000 ng/person per day (Elinder 1985; McKenzie-Parnell et al 1988). A dietary Cd intake of 75,000 ng/person per day was considered a maximum safe level in the 1980s (Naylor and Loehr 1981), whereas the Canadian TDI in the 1990s was 60,000 ng/person per day (van Oostdam et al 1999). The amounts observed in Annak sediments suggest that the average Sanikiluaq community member may not have been in danger of suffering from ill effects of Cd exposure from 1970 to 1990.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Inuit Community Exposure to Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Sewage Lake Sediments

Hermanson

Brozowski

2005

Environ Health Perspect

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Exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury is known to be high in many arctic Inuit communities. These metals are emitted from industrial and urban sources, are distributed by long-range atmospheric transport to remote regions, and are found in Inuit country foods. Current community exposure to these metals can be measured in food, but feces and urine are also excellent indicators of total exposure from ingestion and inhalation because a high percentage of each metal is excreted. Bulk domestic sewage or its residue in a waste treatment system is a good substitute measure. Domestic waste treatment systems that accumulate metals in sediment provide an accurate historical record of changes in ingestion or inhalation. We collected sediment cores from an arctic lake used for facultative domestic sewage treatment to identify the history of community exposure to Pb, Cd, and Hg. Cores were dated and fluxes were measured for each metal. A nearby lake was sampled to measure combined background and atmospheric inputs, which were subtracted from sewage lake data. Pb, Cd, and Hg inputs from sewage grew rapidly after the onset of waste disposal in the late 1960s and exceeded the rate of population growth in the contributing community from 1970 to 1990. The daily per-person Pb input in 1990 (720,000 ng/person per day) exceeded the tolerable daily intake level. The Cd input (48,000 ng/person per day) and Hg input (19,000 ng/person per day) were below the respective TDI levels at the time.

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Increase in dietary cadmium as a result of application of sewage sludge to agricultural land

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Microarray-Based Analysis of Gene Expression in Lycopersicon esculentum Seedling Roots in Response to Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, and Lead

Microarray-Based Analysis of Gene Expression in Lycopersicon esculentum Seedling Roots in Response to Cadmium, Chromium, Mercury, and Lead

The bioavailability of cadmium to lettuce and cabbage in soils previously treated with sewage sludges

History of Inuit Community Exposure to Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Sewage Lake Sediments

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