Increase in Cerebellar Volume in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like Malformation and Its Role in the Development of Syringomyelia

Shaw, Thomas; McGonnell, Imelda M.; Driver, Colin; Rusbridge, Clare; Volk, Holger A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033660

Cited by 42 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Animal models with Cavalier King Charles spaniels have also shown that a volume mismatch between cerebellar and posterior fossa volumes and not a smaller posterior fossa volume per se is associated with Chiari I malformation [18,19]. Moreover, patients with craniosynostosis and Chiari I were not found to have smaller posterior fossa volumes but rather a significantly higher cerebellar volume to posterior fossa volume ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of Predictors of Cervical Syrinx Formation in the Setting of Chiari I Malformation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Aims: We performed a morphometric analysis of Chiari I malformations to look for predictors of cervical syrinx formation. Methods: Eighteen patients with Chiari I malformation and associated cervical syrinx and 16 patients with Chiari I malformation without associated cervical syrinx were included in the study. Chiari I size was obtained from the radiology report; foramen magnum diameter, cerebellar volume, posterior fossa volume and intracranial volume were calculated using OsiriX software, and average measurements were compared between the two groups. Results and Conclusion: Patients with Chiari I with syrinx had an average tonsillar descent of 13.03 ± 5.31 mm compared to 9.25 ± 3.31 mm in the Chiari I without syrinx group (p < 0.05). Patients with Chiari I and syrinx also showed increased cerebellar crowding with a higher cerebellar volume to posterior fossa volume ratio; however, this difference was not significant (0.83 vs. 0.81; p = 0.1872). No difference between groups was found in posterior fossa volume, intracranial volume and foramen magnum diameter. Therefore, only Chiari I size based on the extent of tonsillar herniation was found to be a determinant of cervical syrinx formation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of Predictors of Cervical Syrinx Formation in the Setting of Chiari I Malformation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Labradors, which can weigh up to 40 kg, have been commonly used as a control group for CKCSs [2,4,8]. However, it must be considered that this large breed can have a physiological small CFPP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the endocranial- and brain volumes in brachycephalic dogs, mesaticephalic dogs and Cavalier King Charles spaniels in relation to their body weight

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA number of studies have attempted to quantify the relative volumes of the endocranial volume and brain parenchyma in association with the pathogenesis of the Chiari-like malformation (CLM) in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS). In our study we examine the influence of allometric scaling of the brain and cranial cavity volume on morphological parameters in different dog breeds. MRI scans of 110 dogs (35 mesaticephalic dogs, 35 brachycephalic dogs, 20 CKCSs with SM, and 20 CKCSs without SM) have been used to create 3-dimensional volumetric models of skull and brain parts. Volumes were related to body weight calculating the adjusted means for different breeds.ResultsThere was a strong global dependency of all volumes to body weight (P < 0.0001). The adjusted means of the absolute and relative volumes of brain parenchyma and cranial compartments are not significantly larger in CKCSs in comparison to brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs. A difference in absolute or relative volumes between CKCSs with and without SM after relating these values to body weight could not be identified. The relative volume of the hindbrain parenchyma (caudal fossa parenchyma percentage) was larger in brachycephalic dogs than in CKCSs, without causing herniation or SM.ConclusionAn influence of body weight exist in dogs, which can be sufficiently large to render conclusions on the difference in volumes of the brain and skull unsafe unless some account of the body weight is taken in the analysis. The results of this study challenge the role of overcrowding for the development of SM in dogs.

show abstract

“…In CKCS, small but significant increases in parenchymal volume within the CCF are associated with more severe SM [11]. Furthermore, in contrast to other small breed dogs, CKCS exhibit correlation between increased cerebellar volume and cerebellar crowding within the caudal aspect of the CCF (indicating that relative increases in cerebellar volume are more severe in the caudal aspect of the bone cavity) [25]. The findings of this study suggest that CCF volume increases significantly with time and therefore may play a role in progression of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes over time in craniocerebral morphology and syringomyelia in cavalier King Charles spaniels with Chiari-like malformation

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundChiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia is a neurological disease complex with high prevalence in cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). The natural progression of this disease with time has not been described. The objectives of this study were to i) determine if syringomyelia progresses with time ii) determine if features of craniocrebral morphology previously associated with CM are progressive (including caudal cranial fossa volume, caudal cranial fossa parenchymal volume, ventricular dimensions, height of the foramen magnum and degree of cerebellar herniation). A retrospective morphometric analysis was undertaken in 12 CKCS with CM for which repeat magnetic resonance images were available without surgical intervention.ResultsThe maximal syrinx width, height of the foramen magnum, length of cerebellar herniation and caudal cranial fossa volume increased over time. Ventricular and caudal fossa parenchymal volumes were not significantly different between scans.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that syringomyelia progresses with time. Increased caudal cranial fossa volume may be associated with active resorption of the supraoccipital bone, which has previously been found in histology specimens from adult CKCS. We hypothesise that active resorption of the supraoccipital bone occurs due to pressure from the cerebellum. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathogenesis and variable natural clinical progression of CM and syringomyelia in CKCS.

show abstract

Increase in Cerebellar Volume in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-like Malformation and Its Role in the Development of Syringomyelia

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Morphometric Analysis of Predictors of Cervical Syrinx Formation in the Setting of Chiari I Malformation

Morphometric Analysis of Predictors of Cervical Syrinx Formation in the Setting of Chiari I Malformation

Comparison of the endocranial- and brain volumes in brachycephalic dogs, mesaticephalic dogs and Cavalier King Charles spaniels in relation to their body weight

Changes over time in craniocerebral morphology and syringomyelia in cavalier King Charles spaniels with Chiari-like malformation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About